Sentences with phrase «pluripotency genes studied»
At one end of the hierarchy are stem cells expressing most pluripotency genes studied and few lineage specific genes; at the other end are fully committed cells that have extinguished the pluripotency program, and in between there is a continuous spectrum.
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Yamanaka and Takahashi began their search by studying embryonic stem cells in the hope of identifying the genes that underlie essential stem cell characteristics, such as pluripotency and proliferation, a cell's ability to replicate itself.
In the study, the researchers compared how well CRISPRi and CRISPR - Cas9 silenced a particular gene that controls iPSC pluripotency — the capability of iPSCs to turn into multiple cell types.
Future studies will be aimed at determining the site - specificity for this effect, that is, why the effects are seen specifically at pluripotency genes.
Furthermore, genome - wide studies, combining chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and array hybridization (ChIP - on - chip), have revealed that both active and silenced genes are directly bound in ES cells by one or more of the core pluripotency factors Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog [17], [19], [63].
In the present study, we again observed a continuous gradient in the expression of pluripotency genes across the cell populations that paralleled the gradient in cell surface marker expression.
Functional studies have highlighted the critical roles of genes such as Oct4 (Pou5f1), Nanog and Sox2 in the maintenance of ES pluripotency and suppression of differentiation pathways [10]--[19].
The present study shows that such a gradient is also seen at the level of single cell analysis, but reveals that there is considerable cell - to - cell variation within this gradient in the expression of pluripotency genes.
Oct - 4 is most consistently expressed of the pluripotency genes that we have studied, and it is switched off only in populations that have lost other measurable features of pluripotency, such as stem cell surface marker expression and the capacity for self - renewal.
Recent studies of the ES cell transcriptome and epigenome have revealed networks of co-regulated transcription factors that maintain pluripotency and suppress the expression of genes associated with particular differentiation lineages [2].
Thus, as anticipated from earlier studies, heterogeneity of pluripotency gene expression in single cells is to a degree reflected at the protein level.