Not exact matches
No embryo has been generated, no organism «
cloned» if ANT - OAR succeeds in its goal of producing nothing other than
pluripotent stem cells.
Proponents of human
cloning assert that this is the only method of producing
pluripotent stem cells with the same genetic make - up as adult patients.
During
cloning, the adult nucleus is converted to a totipotent state that will then proceed through a clear progression of developmental steps to yield
pluripotent stem cells at a later time.
The Dolly experiment [which yielded the first
cloned adult mammal, Dolly the sheep, in 1996] prompted people to find ways of taking specialized
cells and transforming them into
pluripotent, undifferentiated
stem cells.
In a 2009 study, University of Georgia at Athens
cloning expert Steve Stice created 29 chimeric piglets by injecting
pluripotent stem cells into pig embryos before implanting them into a surrogate womb.
However, these problems associated with histocompatibility may be solved using autologous donor adult
stem cells, therapeutic
cloning,
stem cell banks or more recently by reprogramming of somatic
cells with defined factors (e.g. induced
pluripotent stem cells).