The second discrepancy occurring during the maximum of solar cycle 24 can be explained in terms of the unusually extended
polar field reversal, with both northern and southern polar fields being simultaneously positive for over a year, leading to a higher flux of GCR particles at Earth.
(2), and
the polar field reversal around that period.
http://www.ann-geophys.net/30/817/2012/angeo-30-817-2012.pdf Sections 8 and 9 of http://www.leif.org/research/suipr699.pdf show how that relates to
polar field reversals.
Not exact matches
The solar
polar field [and its
reversals] has a signature in the geomagnetic
field that be followed back a century.
About the only significant even in the last month is that the solar
polar fields have begun their
reversal, indicating we are at «solar max», which seems like a misnomer given the low activity observed at the moment.
More precisely, the maximum of solar cycle 24 was characterised by a rather slow and intermittent
reversal of the
polar field, with north - south asymmetry, meaning that the Northern
polar field reversed on November 2012 and the Southern on March 2014, with both
polar fields being simultaneously positive for more than a year (Sun et al. 2015).
Systematic differences in the overall shape of successive 11 - year modulation cycles and similarities in the alternate 11 - year cycles seem to be related to the polarity
reversals of the
polar magnetic
field of the Sun.
Hale suggested that the sunspot cycle period is 22 years, covering two
polar reversals of the solar magnetic dipole
field... The start of the 22 - year cycle begins... This process of sunspot formation and migration continues until the solar dipole
field reverses (after about 11 years).