Sentences with phrase «polar ice and snow»

It is increasingly clear that this rich ecosystem affects the melt rates of polar ice and snow and could be accelerating climate change.

This graph uses some rough approximations to obtain an order of magnitude figure for the importance of the polar ice and snow field to Earth's energy budget.

Professor Mark Williams said: «The range of environments we are working with is remarkable — from polar ice and snow layers to deep lake and sea floors to the skeletons of reef corals and stalactites in caves.

«Life on the ice: For the first time scientists have directly observed living bacteria in polar ice and snow.»

Not exact matches

This past September the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colo., which collects polar and ice information for the government, announced that there was less sea ice covering the Arctic Ocean than at any time since satellite measurements began in 19Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colo., which collects polar and ice information for the government, announced that there was less sea ice covering the Arctic Ocean than at any time since satellite measurements began in 19ice information for the government, announced that there was less sea ice covering the Arctic Ocean than at any time since satellite measurements began in 19ice covering the Arctic Ocean than at any time since satellite measurements began in 1979.

Drawing on odd, icy - looking landforms in earlier images, he and colleagues proposed in 2003 that in the geologic past, snow - fed glaciers and ice fields had covered much of the lower latitudes of Mars at the expense of the polar ice caps (Science, 11 April 2003, p. 234).

This year, sea ice in the Arctic reached its smallest maximum extent since satellites began tracking polar ice patterns, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, while scientists have also forecast ice - free Arctic summers in two to three decades (ClimateWire, July 16, 201ice in the Arctic reached its smallest maximum extent since satellites began tracking polar ice patterns, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, while scientists have also forecast ice - free Arctic summers in two to three decades (ClimateWire, July 16, 201ice patterns, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, while scientists have also forecast ice - free Arctic summers in two to three decades (ClimateWire, July 16, 201Ice Data Center, while scientists have also forecast ice - free Arctic summers in two to three decades (ClimateWire, July 16, 201ice - free Arctic summers in two to three decades (ClimateWire, July 16, 2013).

The beginning of the last glacial period was characterized in the Northern hemisphere by significant accumulation of snow at high latitudes and the formation of a huge polar ice sheet.

This study is the latest in a growing body of research that suggests dwindling sea ice and snow cover in the polar regions may be altering the weather over the continents of the Northern Hemisphere.

Sometime in the wee hours of the morning, long after we've left, a couple dozen glasslike ice props appear on the snow stage: axes, crowns, books, a delicate bow and arrow, and an impossibly intricate chain harnessing polar bears to an ornate chariot.

[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)

Striking how this blog talks about polar bears, hurricanes, melting glaciers, melting sea ice, disappearing frogs, intelligence estimates, the snows of Kilimanjaro, drought, famine, insect infestations, too much rain, lack of rain, and who knows what else, and links it all to AGW.

Some really interesting recent weather events in the High Arctic have shown me the reality of a warmer polar region, snow flakes do not melt in an ocean -1.5 C cold, and ice does not form when its -6 C outside.

The increased temperatures have been accompanied with changes in snow, sea - ice, precipitation, permafrost, icebergs, landice, river runoff, polar lows, synoptic storms, cloudiness, avalanches, ocean circulation, and ocean acidification.

Extent, for once, is crucial in determining the amount of absorbed solar radiation, the area of polar bear (and other animals») habitat, the amount of snow that falls onto sea ice, etc..

And may I add looks remarkably similar to the idealized deformation of the polar vortex under scenarios with Arctic warming, low Arctic sea ice and increased Siberian snow cover presented in my recent review paper with Jennifer Francis [of Rutgers UniversitAnd may I add looks remarkably similar to the idealized deformation of the polar vortex under scenarios with Arctic warming, low Arctic sea ice and increased Siberian snow cover presented in my recent review paper with Jennifer Francis [of Rutgers Universitand increased Siberian snow cover presented in my recent review paper with Jennifer Francis [of Rutgers University].

This change speed is dizzying us in the Arctic, even snow buntings come back very early this spring, and polar bears are seen on the thin enough sea ice for seals at the North Pole.

There are several things that are well proven and simple to understand — for example, global termperature increase, sea level rise, polar ice cover, glacier retreat, and snow cover.

It is not that the polar regions are amplifying the warming «going on» at lower latitudes, it is that any warming going on AT THE POLES is amplified through inherent positive feedback processes AT THE POLES, and specifically this is primarily the ice - albedo positive feedback process whereby more open water leads to more warming leads to more open water, etc. *** «Climate model simulations have shown that ice albedo feedbacks associated with variations in snow and sea - ice coverage are a key factor in positive feedback mechanisms which amplify climate change at high northern latitudes...»

Is it not also therefore true that the polar areas of least water vapor, where a greater temperature increase from doubling of Co-2 would have the most effect, has the least W / sq - m percentage of both incoming S - W and outgoing L - W radiation due to the incident angle of incoming Sun light, the high reflectivity of the snow and ice, and the greatly reduced outgoing L - W radiation due to this?

Is it not also therefore true that the polar areas of least water vapor, where a greater temperature increase from doubling of Co-2 would have the most effect, has the least percentage of both incoming S - W and outgoing L - W radiation due to the incident angle of incoming Sun light, the high reflectivity of the snow and ice, and the greatly reduced outgoing L - W radiation due to this?

For example, conditions at the poles affect how much heat is retained by the earth because of the reflective properties of ice and snow, the world's ocean circulation depends on sinking in polar regions, and melting of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets could have drastic effects on sea level.

The range of ocean remaining frozen over the northern polar region reached its minimum extent for 2009 on September 12, when it covered 1.97 million square miles (5.1 million square km), and now appears to be growing again as the Arctic starts its annual cool - down, the National Snow and Ice Data Center reported.

The Aquarius polar - gridded Version 5 products are now available at the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DAAC).

It is revisited each year to monitor snow and ice changes in the polar regions.

Global warming has a larger affect in polar areas, as the loss of snow and ice leads to more open water, which absorbs more sunlight and warmth.

At the same time that record heat is occurring in the polar regions and elsewhere, snow is forecasted (scheduled) to fall as far south as Chihuahua, Mexico (2017 also saw record low ice at BOTH poles).

When the flux is increased, the planet undergoes a decrease in surface albedo which is due to the melting of the permanent polar ice caps and the reduced seasonal snow cover.

Increasing greenhouse gases should, by simple physics, strengthen the polar vortex, but what favors weakening is the loss of sea ice and more snow cover in Eurasia, Those work together to force this weakening of the polar vortex that we're seeing.»

Furthermore, the report by Kotlyakov (Variations of Snow and Ice in the past and at present on a Global and Regional Scale [1996]-RRB- referred to all glaciers outside the polar regions (not just in the Himalayas) and more importantly referred to 2350 — not 2035; and it specifically said glaciers will survive in the Himalayas even then.

When oceans get cold, and the surface of polar waters freezes, it snows much less and the sun takes away ice and limites the lower bound of temperature and sea level.

AGW climate scientists seem to ignore that while the earth's surface may be warming, our atmosphere above 10,000 ft. above MSL is a refrigerator that can take water vapor scavenged from the vast oceans on earth (which are also a formidable heat sink), lift it to cold zones in the atmosphere by convective physical processes, chill it (removing vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) or freeze it, (removing even more vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) drop it on land and oceans as rain, sleet or snow, moisturizing and cooling the soil, cooling the oceans and building polar ice caps and even more importantly, increasing the albedo of the earth, with a critical negative feedback determining how much of the sun's energy is reflected back into space, changing the moment of inertia of the earth by removing water mass from equatorial latitudes and transporting this water vapor mass to the poles, reducing the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and speeding up its spin rate, etc..

Researchers at CIRES» National Snow and Ice Data Center [About NSIDC] investigate the dynamics of Antarctic ice shelves, new techniques for the remote sensing of snow and freeze / thaw cycle of soils, the role of snow in hydrologic modeling, linkages between changes in sea ice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen groSnow and Ice Data Center [About NSIDC] investigate the dynamics of Antarctic ice shelves, new techniques for the remote sensing of snow and freeze / thaw cycle of soils, the role of snow in hydrologic modeling, linkages between changes in sea ice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen grouIce Data Center [About NSIDC] investigate the dynamics of Antarctic ice shelves, new techniques for the remote sensing of snow and freeze / thaw cycle of soils, the role of snow in hydrologic modeling, linkages between changes in sea ice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen grouice shelves, new techniques for the remote sensing of snow and freeze / thaw cycle of soils, the role of snow in hydrologic modeling, linkages between changes in sea ice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen grosnow and freeze / thaw cycle of soils, the role of snow in hydrologic modeling, linkages between changes in sea ice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen grosnow in hydrologic modeling, linkages between changes in sea ice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen grouice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen grouice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen ground.

When it gets cold it freezes polar oceans and always does not snow enough and allows the sun to remove ice and it always gets warm.

The steady drumbeat of stories attributing all manner of evil to climate change is getting louder: California burning (because the woods are too dry); ski resorts struggling (because the snow line is rising); alligators in Florida eating people (because their pools and thus their food supplies are drying up); polar bears eating each other (because melting ice makes it harder for them to hunt).

This snowpack accumulation near the poles, which gets its water via the Arctic and Antarctic oceans, that in turn rob it from equatorial latitudes of our oceans, also results in a reduction in the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and causes the spin rate to increase as evidenced in the recent history of the rate at which Leap Seconds are added to our calendar (see Wysmuller's Toucan Equation for more on this evidence that during this warm time with much greater polar humidity, earlier seasonal, later seasonal and heavier snows are beginning to move water vapor from the oceans to the poles to re-build the polar ice caps and lead us into a global cooling, while man - made CO2 continues to increase http://www.colderside.com/faq.htm).

Thoughts on Antarctic Sea Ice In warm times, when southern polar waters are warm and the ice around the Antarctic continent is small, the snow falls on the ice on land and builds Ice In warm times, when southern polar waters are warm and the ice around the Antarctic continent is small, the snow falls on the ice on land and builds ice around the Antarctic continent is small, the snow falls on the ice on land and builds ice on land and builds up.

When it gets warm, it melts polar sea ice and always snows enough to cause cold.

When the Earth is warm, when the oceans are warm, polar sea ice melts and provides moisture for clouds and rain and snow that does cool the Earth.

In cold times, when southern polar waters are cold and the ice around the Antarctic continent is large, the snow falls on the ice shelves and does not feed the ice on land.

This polar amplification is thought to be due largely to changes in sea ice, with some contributions from changes in snow cover, atmospheric and ocean circulation, cloud cover and the presence of soot.

Global warming leads to rising temperatures of the oceans and the earth» surface causing melting of polar ice caps, rise in sea levels and also unnatural patterns of precipitation such as flash floods, excessive snow or desertification.

Factors like ENSO, the MJO, sea ice, snow cover, and oscillations in the tropical stratospheric winds have all been found to influence the strength of the polar vortex.

Polar bears are one of the most sensitive Arctic marine mammals to climate warming because they spend most of their lives on sea ice.35 Declining sea ice in northern Alaska is associated with smaller bears, probably because of less successful hunting of seals, which are themselves ice - dependent and so are projected to decline with diminishing ice and snow cover.36, 37,38,39 Although bears can give birth to cubs on sea ice, increasing numbers of female bears now come ashore in Alaska in the summer and fall40 and den on land.41 In Hudson Bay, Canada, the most studied population in the Arctic, sea ice is now absent for three weeks longer than just a few decades ago, resulting in less body fat, reduced survival of both the youngest and oldest bears, 42 and a population now estimated to be in decline43 and projected to be in jeopardy.44 Similar polar bear population declines are projected for the Beaufort Sea region.45

Shallow snow cover over birthing lairs, which are built against pressure ridges as shown in the diagram above (considered to be less than 25 - 32 cm over the lair, or less than 20 cm over flat ice), 1 can mean the snow caves are easier for polar bears to break into (and consume the pup)-- that's good news for polar bears (in the short term) but bad news for ringed seals.

Therefore, due to entirely natural variations in spring snow conditions over sea ice (and thickness of the ice), 2 polar bear population sizes can vary by region.

Snow depth over sea ice in spring affects the hunting success of polar bears on ringed seal (Phoca hispida) pups, but the relationship is more complicated than you might think and there is less data on this phenomenon than you would believe.

It's a problem for the climate because the black soot particles are just the right color to absorb heat from the sun, either in the upper atmosphere or when it settles back down to earth on Arctic snow and ice (when soot - free, the polar ice caps reflect a tremendous amount of light and heat back into Space, helping keep the planet cool).

Temperatures are rising in the planet's polar regions, especially in the Arctic, and the vast majority of the world's glaciers are melting faster than new snow and ice can replenish them.

But cooling is unlikely in the polar regions because sunlight which gets past the clouds is probably reflected by snow and ice anyway.