Sentences with phrase «poleward as»

This means that when the Hadley cell extends poleward as the climate warms, the contraction of the high clouds remains largely unbalanced and the surface of the southern hemisphere oceans warms.

The descending air in the subtropical high - pressure belts diverges near the surface; the air that does not flow equatorward tends to flow eastward and poleward as the midlatitude westerlies.

Wild species have responded to climate change, with three - quarters of marine species shifting their ranges poleward as much as 1000 km [44], [103] and more than half of terrestrial species shifting ranges poleward as much as 600 km and upward as much as 400 m [104].

A parcel of air picking up water vapor at (near) the ITCZ moves poleward as well as rising.

Wild species have responded to climate change, with three - quarters of marine species shifting their ranges poleward as much as 1000 km [44], [103] and more than half of terrestrial species shifting ranges poleward as much as 600 km and upward as much as 400 m [104].

At the same time, tropical conditions are expanding poleward as a result of climate change, but at a slower rate than previously believed.

IPCC climate change simulations diagnose that the Hadley circulation will weaken and expand polewards as a result of climate change.

This is obvious by noting how species distributions have already been shifting polewards as the world warms.

Not exact matches

Ocean temperatures between 82 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit seem to be «ideal for the genesis of tropical cyclones,» Emanuel says, «and as that belt migrates poleward, which surely it must as the whole ocean warms, the tropical cyclone genesis regions might just move with it.

The results of the study, published today in the journal Nature, show that over the last 30 years, tropical cyclones — also known as hurricanes or typhoons — are moving poleward at a rate of about 33 miles per decade in the Northern Hemisphere and 38 miles per decade in the Southern Hemisphere.

Heat might be expected to harm a crop (or force farms to move poleward), but added carbon dioxide, which all plants use to make organic matter, might act as a fertilizer.

At the same time, poleward shifts of westerly winds in the Southern Ocean reduced the region's ability to suck up CO2 as have mid-latitude droughts, which slowed the growth rate of forests and plants that capture carbon.

You can eliminate anything on the 70 % of the planet that's water, everything poleward of 57 ° latitude over which UARS does not orbit, and for all practical purposes the empty areas of the world, such as the Amazon, most of Australia, the Sahara, the Tibetan Plateau, much of Siberia, and even a lot of the western interior of the United States.

«If they move another two to three degrees poleward in this century, very dry areas such as the Sahara Desert could nudge farther toward the pole, perhaps by a few hundred miles.»

As the tropics creep poleward, the so - called subtropical dry zone could begin to squeeze adjacent, wetter temperate zones, the report warns.

So there is evidence that the birds can bounce back, and the team's modelling indicates that they will very probably try to adapt to their changing circumstances by colonisation Bouvet Island, and by increasing their numbers on Heard and South Georgia islands, which should benefit from improved foraging conditions as the APF edges ever poleward.

Climate models predict expanding Hadley Cells as the climate warms, meaning a poleward expansion of the subtropical desert zones.

The issue is that the APF is heading poleward, and if global temperatures continue to rise as expected, the front is likely eventually to move out of the range of many foraging king penguins, the research suggests.

As the air rises and moves poleward, it dries, cools, sinks, and returns back to the surface completing this atmospheric cycle both north and south of the equator.

Researchers found that due to warming waters, the edge of the sharks» range could shift as much as 40 miles poleward per decade, pushing the sharks away from the warming oceans near the equator into different habitats.

Furthermore, even if the net meridional overturning circulation, which is broader than just the Gulf Stream, slows, that doesn't mean that the poleward heat transport will be reduced, as a warmer wetter atmosphere can also transport a great deal of heat (latent heat) to poleward regions, which seems to be what has been happening.

Meanwhile, increasing temperature and ocean warming may lead to the reduction of diatom production as well as cell size, inducing poleward shifts in the biogeographic distribution of diatoms.

As isotherms move up the mountainside and poleward, so does the climate zone in which a given species can survive.

There is evidence in satellite and radiosonde data and in observational data for poleward expansion of the tropical circulation by as much as a few degrees of latitude since the 1970s [34]--[35], but natural variability may have contributed to that expansion [36].

According to the study, as the planet warms, the Hadley Cell, which links together rising air near the Equator and descending air in the subtropics, expands poleward.

Where the poleward & equatorward currents of this intensified circulation converge — the centre of the gyres — surface water is pumped downwards into the ocean interior in a process known as Ekman pumping.

Also, the overall number of ozone molecules destroyed in a vertical column of air was pretty much the same as the number of molecules transported into this column by the average poleward and downward transport of air in the stratosphere.

More recently hurricanes have been implicated as heat pumps responsible for up to 15 % of poleward oceanic heat transport.

The area of tropical forest was almost certainly less as so much of the tropics had dried out; but yes, the global distribution of the forest had increased poleward.

As the ocean circulation takes up the role of transporting heat poleward the atmospheric circulation spins down.

Turns out that hurricanes apparently act as a heat pump sending water from the tropics poleward, feeding into the process by which we are losing the arctic ice cap.

Is less poleward transport of heat by the Gulf Stream as the AMOC weakens a positive feedback for global warming, since that energy will escape more slowly in the humid (higher water vapor GHG effect) tropics than near the poles?

Of course, there are plenty of negative feedbacks as well (the increase in long wave radiation as temperatures rise or the reduction in atmospheric poleward heat flux as the equator - to - pole gradient decreases) and these (in the end) are dominant (having kept Earth's climate somewhere between boiling and freezing for about 4.5 billion years and counting).

Other aspects of global warming's broad footprint on the world's ecosystems include changes in the abundance of more than 80 percent of the thousands of species included in population studies; major poleward shifts in living ranges as warm regions become hot, and cold regions become warmer; major increases (in the south) and decreases (in the north) of the abundance of plankton, which forms the critical base of the ocean's food chain; the transformation of previously innocuous insect species like the Aspen leaf miner into pests that have damaged millions of acres of forest; and an increase in the range and abundance of human pathogens like the cholera - causing bacteria Vibrio, the mosquito - borne dengue virus, and the ticks that carry Lyme disease - causing bacteria.

Indeed that poleward shift was supposed to be accompanied by a tropospheric hot spot as the enhanced upward energy flux was then constrained by extra GHGs so that the «surplus» energy was retained in the troposphere and thereby denied to the stratosphere which then cooled as per observations and despite the «normal» warming of the stratosphere that would otherwise have been expected from the highly active sun at the time.

So for AGW theory to have been correct we would have to have seen that hot spot at the top of the troposphere and the presence of that hotspot would have prevented the jets moving poleward, indeed it should have sent them equatorward instead because it would have had the same effect as a reduction of the height of the tropopause and an enhancement of the intensity of the tropopause.

«Changes in the Poleward Energy Flux by the Atmosphere and Ocean as a Possible Cause for Ice Ages.»

[2] Thunderstorm activity, or convection, within the band is dependent upon the season, as the more equatorward portion is most active in the Southern Hemisphere summer, and the more poleward portion is most active during transition seasons of fall and spring.

The cooler Arctic then promoted formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW in the upper frame of Figure 13) as salty Atlantic waters transported poleward cooled and brine rejection increased as more Arctic sea ice formed.

So one can rationalize the result that the centers of action for internal variability in the oceans migrate poleward from the tropics and subtropics to higher latitudes as one moves to lower frequencies.

However, there is also the expansion of the Hadley Cells where water vapor from tropical ocean evaporation rises, water in the form of rain falls out as the air cools with increased altitude, then dry air descends at poleward edge of the cells in the dry subtropics.

Most models reasonably represent the poleward increase of reflected shortwave radiation in the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, presumably because part of this is carried by the influence of specified surface features such as the Saharan desert and Tibetan Plateau.

«If they move another 2 to 3 degrees poleward in this century, very dry areas such as the Sahara desert could nudge farther towards the pole, perhaps by a few hundred miles,» said study team member John Wallace from the University of Washington.

As discussed by Henry Stommel, these flows are balanced in the region of the western boundary, where a thin fast polewards flow called a western boundary current develops.

For falsification we would need to observe events such as the mid latitude jets moving poleward during a cooling oceanic phase and a period of quiet sun or the ITCZ moving northward whilst the two jets moved equatorward or the stratosphere, troposphere and upper atmosphere all warming or cooling in tandem or perhaps an unusually negative Arctic Oscillation throughout a period of high solar activity and a warming ocean phase.

Note that there is also poleward transport in the shallow currents at the western edge of each subtropical ocean gyre - known as western boundary currents.

Model projections indicate that the Hadley Circulation will shift its downward branch poleward in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, causing drying as a result.

The product covers the sea and ice areas polewards of latitudes 50N and 50S with 3 - minute data segments in Level 2, with data processed and archived continuously throughout the day, as they become available (approximately 110 3 - minute segments per day per hemisphere).

Conversely, during low solar activity during the Little Ice Age, transport of warm water was reduced by 10 % and Arctic sea ice increased.17 Although it is not a situation I would ever hope for, if history repeats itself, then natural climate dynamics of the past suggest, the current drop in the sun's output will produce a similar cooler climate, and it will likely be detected first as a slow down in the poleward transport of ocean heat.22 Should we prepare for this possibility?

Also large amount of ocean heat travels poleward [such as with gulf stream heating Europe].