Sentences with phrase «poleward at»

Marine species have been moving poleward at about 7.2 km / yr (reported as 72 + 13.5 km / decade)(Poloczanska et al., 2013).

The air of the Ferrel cell that descends at 30 ° latitude returns poleward at the ground level, and as it does so it deviates toward the east.

These merge and rise in the intertropical convergence zone near the Equator and blow eastward and poleward at altitudes of 2 to 17 km (1 to 11 miles).

Despite large year - to - year variability of temperature, decadal averages reveal isotherms (lines of a given average temperature) moving poleward at a typical rate of the order of 100 km / decade in the past three decades [101], although the range shifts for specific species follow more complex patterns [102].

Since warm air is being moved poleward at low altitudes, the wind flow is no longer associated with the direct heat engine of the Hadley cell.

Despite large year - to - year variability of temperature, decadal averages reveal isotherms (lines of a given average temperature) moving poleward at a typical rate of the order of 100 km / decade in the past three decades [101], although the range shifts for specific species follow more complex patterns [102].

While a 2009 estimate calculated that the tropical zone was expanding poleward at a rate of 222 to 533 kilometers every 25 years, the new report estimates that the expansion is occurring more slowly — between 138 and 277 kilometers per 25 years.

«Fish moving poleward at rate of 26 kilometers per decade.»

The results of the study, published today in the journal Nature, show that over the last 30 years, tropical cyclones — also known as hurricanes or typhoons — are moving poleward at a rate of about 33 miles per decade in the Northern Hemisphere and 38 miles per decade in the Southern Hemisphere.

Not exact matches

«It may mean the thermodynamically favorable conditions for these storms are migrating poleward,» adds Emanuel, the Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at MIT.

At the same time, poleward shifts of westerly winds in the Southern Ocean reduced the region's ability to suck up CO2 as have mid-latitude droughts, which slowed the growth rate of forests and plants that capture carbon.

Warm and saline water transported poleward cools at the surface when it reaches high latitudes and becomes denser and subsequently sinks into the deep ocean.

«The jet streams mark the edge of the tropics, so if they are moving poleward that means the tropics are getting wider,» explains John Wallace, Fus colleague at the University of Washington and coauthor of the report.

[James P. Kossin, Kerry A. Emanuel and Gabriel A. Vecchi, The poleward migration of the location of tropical cyclone maximum intensity] Researchers looked at the global record of tropical cyclones since the 1970s.

At the same time, tropical conditions are expanding poleward as a result of climate change, but at a slower rate than previously believeAt the same time, tropical conditions are expanding poleward as a result of climate change, but at a slower rate than previously believeat a slower rate than previously believed.

Using two different force sensors to measure opposing forces inside dividing Drosophila cells, Maresca and colleagues at UMass Amherst have proposed that kinetochore fibers exert hundreds of piconewtons of poleward - directed force on kinetochores, settling the matter of how much force is brought to bear.

So in Greenland it got warmer both because of higher CO2, more sunlight at high latitudes during summer, AND because of increased poleward heat flow.

The term «Arctic Mediterranean» has been applied to the deep waters poleward of the Greenland - Iceland - Scotland (GIS) sills, which are connected via the deep sill at the bottom of the Fram Strait.

The flow of energy between different circulation patterns is dependent on fram of reference (Eulerian vs transformed Eulerian); The Ferrel Cell is the result of some average upward motion poleward of some average downward motion with return flows at lower and higher altitudes, superimposed on the average temperature distribution.

Scientists are still trying to decide how the poleward heat transport will be affected by global warming — but the rapid changes at the poles seem to involve a lot of heat transport into that region via both the atmosphere and the oceans.

On the one hand, models do pretty well at capturing the poleward expansion in the Southern hemisphere but only if they include the effects of the Antarctic ozone hole!

So, I was curious about your recent paper and whether there was any discussion of changes in the THC poleward of the GIS shelf vs the data from the RAPID program line located at 26.5 N. With the decline in minimum extent and volume of sea - ice, one might expect to see more THC sinking into the Arctic Ocean, with consequences for both climate and weather.

A parcel of air picking up water vapor at (near) the ITCZ moves poleward as well as rising.

Indeed that poleward shift was supposed to be accompanied by a tropospheric hot spot as the enhanced upward energy flux was then constrained by extra GHGs so that the «surplus» energy was retained in the troposphere and thereby denied to the stratosphere which then cooled as per observations and despite the «normal» warming of the stratosphere that would otherwise have been expected from the highly active sun at the time.

So for AGW theory to have been correct we would have to have seen that hot spot at the top of the troposphere and the presence of that hotspot would have prevented the jets moving poleward, indeed it should have sent them equatorward instead because it would have had the same effect as a reduction of the height of the tropopause and an enhancement of the intensity of the tropopause.

Stronger mid-latitude westerly wind maxima have occurred in both hemispheres in most seasons from at least 1979 to the late 1990s, and poleward displacements of corresponding Atlantic and southern polar front jet streams have been documented.

However, there is also the expansion of the Hadley Cells where water vapor from tropical ocean evaporation rises, water in the form of rain falls out as the air cools with increased altitude, then dry air descends at poleward edge of the cells in the dry subtropics.

Note that there is also poleward transport in the shallow currents at the western edge of each subtropical ocean gyre - known as western boundary currents.

Mechanistically, atmospheric heating from black carbon and tropospheric ozone has occurred at the mid-latitudes, generating a poleward shift of the tropospheric jet, thereby relocating the main division between tropical and temperate air masses.»

Ozone depletion in the late twentieth century was the primary driver of the observed poleward shift of the jet during summer, which has been linked to changes in tropospheric and surface temperatures, clouds and cloud radiative effects, and precipitation at both middle and low latitudes.

At that time Mr. Mann and his colleagues clearly accepted that a less active sun resulted in a more negative polar oscillation but he never seems to have followed through with the logical implications, not least that a more active sun might have caused the observed late 20th century positive polar oscillations and the observed poleward drift of the jets and that therefore the cause was not changes in anthropogenic CO2 and / or CFC quantities.

Poleward of latitudes 66 ° 30 ′ N and 66 ° 30 ′ S, the tilt of the planet is such that for at least one complete day (at 66 ° 30 ′) and as long as six months (at 90 °), the Sun is above the horizon during the summer season and below the horizon during the winter.

23) A returning warm pulse will try to expand the tropical air masses as more energy is released and will try to push the air circulation systems poleward against whatever resistance is being supplied at the time by the then level of solar surface activity.

Precipitation observations over land show the expected general increase of precipitation poleward of the subtropics and decrease at lower latitudes [1], [26].

This is associated with a poleward shift of the westerlies at the surface (see Section 10.3.6) and in the upper troposphere particularly notable in the Southern Hemisphere (SH)(Stone and Fyfe, 2005), and increased relative angular momentum from stronger westerlies (Räisänen, 2003) and westerly momentum flux in the lower stratosphere particularly in the tropics and southern mid-latitudes (Watanabe et al., 2005).

What purely physical principle did Walker and Schneider appeal to in estimating the poleward energy flux of the Hadley circulation at 4.8 PW in Figure 5 of http://www.clidyn.ethz.ch/papers/annrev06.pdf (the paper Anastassia referenced above)?

The primary effect of the two tropical Hadley cells (one for each hemisphere) is for the rising hot air at the equator to suck surface air from the higher latitudes (north and south) along the surface towards the equator, pump it vertically at the equator, and at a suitable height push it polewards, one pole per cell, up where the jet planes fly.

At present they are limited to guesses about ENSO but have nothing adequate about any other oceanic cycles and nothing about air circulation shifts apart from seasonal changes and a simple observation that warming moves them poleward.

Near the southern limit of the circumpolar trough at the latitude of ~ 65 ° S, rising motion occurs and turns polewards aloft (Parish and Bromwich 2007).

The ITCZ wandere with the seasons, but the poleward shift amplitude is mainly solar cycle induced: thus during high solar activity, the ITCZ and the jet stream position is more polewards, at low activity more equatorward.

Part of the flow descends in the subtropical high - pressure belts, and the remainder merges at high altitudes with the midlatitude westerly winds farther poleward.

At the 60th parallel, the air rises to the tropopause (about 8 km at this latitude) and moves polewarAt the 60th parallel, the air rises to the tropopause (about 8 km at this latitude) and moves polewarat this latitude) and moves poleward.

As the air moves poleward, it cools, becomes more dense, and descends at about the 30th parallel, creating a high - pressure area.

A low pressure zone at 60 ° latitude that moves toward the equator, or a high pressure zone at 30 ° latitude that moves poleward, will accelerate the Westerlies of the Ferrel cell.

So you need to look at a wide range of indicators all of which have independent sources of error (for instance, errors in satellites are not likely to be correlated with errors in weather stations or ocean buoys) and see if your understanding matches all of the different aspects that you expect from the theory (stratospheric cooling, ocean warming, Arctic melt, poleward and upward expansion of biomes etc...).

Any excess at the tropics would get shifted poleward and increase L relative to DLR away from the tropics.

The air circulation systems move latitudinally poleward or equatorward depending on whether there is net cooling or warming of the air at a gradual if variable rate all the time and climate shifts in any given location depend mainly on the changing position of that location in relation to the latitudinal position of the major air circulation systems.

That makes sense because a cooler stratosphere weakens the inversion at the tropopause so as to provide reduced resistance to upward energy transport which would allow the jets to move poleward.

We have seen the jet streams move poleward when the AO is positive so in the Mediaeval Warm Period we must have had a positive AO despite the more active sun because the jets seem to have been even more poleward then than at the peak of the Modern Warm Period (so far).

A returning warm pulse will try to expand the tropical air masses as more energy is released and will try to push the air circulation systems poleward against whatever resistance is being supplied at the time by the then level of solar surface turbulence.