Hadley Cell A direct, thermally driven overturning cell in the atmosphere consisting of
poleward flow in the upper troposphere, subsiding air into the subtropical anticyclones, return flow as part of the trade winds near the surface, and with rising air near the equator in the so - called Intertropical Convergence Zone.
Because of the Earth's rotation,
the poleward flow in the western Atlantic is constrained to a narrow current on the western boundary of the ocean basin.
That should increase
poleward flows in the lower stratosphere / higher troposphere.
Take solar vs. GHGs: 1.5 W / m2 solar change (TOA) over a solar cycle has a large effect in the stratosphere: During a solar cycle, the largest change is in the short waves: 10 % more during high solar activity: that affects ozone building, the temperature in the stratosphere and increases
the polewards flow in the stratosphere.
Not exact matches
So
in Greenland it got warmer both because of higher CO2, more sunlight at high latitudes during summer, AND because of increased
poleward heat
flow.
Whereas the Walker Circulation (or «Walker Cell») refers to an air
flow parallel with the equator — all
in the tropics — the Hadley Cell involves air rising
in the tropics (follows the solar equator and gives rise to the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which then
flows polewards before sinking
in the subtropics.
As discussed by Henry Stommel, these
flows are balanced
in the region of the western boundary, where a thin fast
polewards flow called a western boundary current develops.
The descending air
in the subtropical high - pressure belts diverges near the surface; the air that does not
flow equatorward tends to
flow eastward and
poleward as the midlatitude westerlies.
Part of the
flow descends
in the subtropical high - pressure belts, and the remainder merges at high altitudes with the midlatitude westerly winds farther
poleward.
Similar to the return
flow in a household heating system, these currents transport colder waters into the tropics where they are heated and transported
poleward in the western boundary currents.
In some cases, extensive gene flow or assisted migration from populations in warmer parts of the range may enhance the genetic potential for rapid evolutionary response of poleward populations (e.g., Kuparinen et al., 2010
In some cases, extensive gene
flow or assisted migration from populations
in warmer parts of the range may enhance the genetic potential for rapid evolutionary response of poleward populations (e.g., Kuparinen et al., 2010
in warmer parts of the range may enhance the genetic potential for rapid evolutionary response of
poleward populations (e.g., Kuparinen et al., 2010).