The activist scientists are equally culpable in misrepresenting the proper role of scientific knowledge in decision making, but they do it usually without reference to null hypotheses, although there are similarities in, how they wish to derive
policy conclusions from statements about scientific knowledge.
Not exact matches
My
conclusion is that the easing of financial conditions resulting
from non-traditional
policy actions has had a material effect on both nominal and real growth and has demonstrably reduced the risk of particularly adverse outcomes.
Last week there was confirmation
from the horse's mouth that my
conclusion was correct, as well as some other interesting information on how an eventual tightening of US monetary
policy will proceed.
Gold prices rebounded
from two - month lows on Wednesday as the dollar pulled away
from multi-month highs amid profit taking ahead of the
conclusion of the Federal Reserve
policy meeting later in the day.
From the above case studies, one can draw
conclusion that the Federal Reserve's pursuit of maximum employment have often contributed to the rise in risk asset valuation (an intended effect of easing financial conditions), and such
policy would only be reversed during times of acute (or perceived) inflation risk.
Gold prices rebounded
from two - month lows as the dollar pulled away
from multi-month highs amid profit taking ahead of the
conclusion of the Federal Reserve
policy meeting.
The most important
conclusion to emerge
from this «queer mixture of hard data, soft data, thought experiments, and speculations» is that social
policy can not afford to ignore what Edmund Burke called «the little platoon we belong to in society.»
In an analogous fashion, he moves
from the commonsense observation that economic self «interest plays a significant role in foreign
policy to the sweeping and unjustified
conclusion that it is pretty much all of foreign
policy.
Indeed, a recent comprehensive analysis of the diplomatic maneuverings and public positions of the Holy See
from the end of the nineteenth century to the present, Andrej Kreutz» Vatican
Policy on the Palestinian - Israeli Conflict (Greenwood Press, 1990) comes to this same
conclusion.
Picture this, we don't come out of the gate firing on all cylinders, Wenger speaks of how there wasn't enough time for the first - teamers to build chemistry, several key players aren't even playing because of Wenger's utterly ridiculous
policy regarding players who played in the Confed Cup or the under21s and the boo - birds have returned in full flight... if these things were to happen, which is quite possible considering the Groundhog Day mentality of this club, how long do you think it will take for Wenger to recant his earlier statements regarding Europa... I would suggest that it's these sorts of comments
from Wenger which are often his undoing... why would any manager worth his weight in salt make such a definitive statement before the season has even started... why would any manager who fashions himself an educated man make such pronouncements before even knowing what his starting 11 will be come Friday, let alone on September 1st... why would any manager who has a tenuous relationship with a great many supporters offer up such a potentially contentious talking point considering how many times his own words have come back to bite him in the ass... I think he does this because he doesn't care what you or I think, in fact he's more than slightly infuriated by the very idea of having to answer to the likes of you and me... that might have been acceptable during his formative years in charge, when the fans were rewarded with an scintillating brand of football and success felt like a forgone
conclusion, but this new Wenger led team barely resembles that team of ore... whereas in times past we relished a few words
from our seemingly cerebral manager, in recent times those words have been replaced by a myriad of excuses, a plethora of infuriating stories about who he could have signed but didn't and what can only be construed as outright fabrications... it's kind of funny that when we want some answers, like during the whole contract debacle of last season, we can't get an intelligent word out of him, but when we just what him to show his managerial acumen through his actions, we can't seem to get him to shut - up... I beg you to prove me wrong Arsene
On individual
policies I've seen Corbyn supporters taking succour
from polls showing, for example, that a majority of the public support rail nationalisation or much higher taxes on the rich and drawing the
conclusion that there is a public appetite for much more left wing
policies.
Maria Fitzpatrick, a professor of
policy analysis and management at Cornell University, says pre-kindergarten is particularly effective with children
from low - income families — a
conclusion drawn by most researchers.
This is one of the
conclusions that can be drawn
from the latest report on Spaniards» perception of games of chance, carried out by UC3M's Instituto de Política y Gobernanza (IPOLGOB — Institute for Politics and Governance) in collaboration with the Codere Foundation and the Centro de Estudios de Políticas y Legislación del Juego (Center for Gambling
Policy and Legislation Studies).
The SSG typically uses a scale, ranging
from «certain to not possible,» that is attached to each of the potential
policy implications associated with the group's scientific
conclusions.
Lazowska notes that the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) examined similar data
from 2 years earlier and produced a report, signed by John P. Holdren, assistant to the president for science and technology and Director of the Office of Science and Technology
Policy; Eric Lander, president and founding director of the Broad Institute; Shirley Ann Jackson, president of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; and Eric Schmidt, executive chair (and former CEO) at Google, that reached the following
conclusions:
In
conclusion he said that findings
from the study «are robust, globally applicable and provide evidence to inform nutrition
policies.
Policy expert Roger Pielke Jr. of the University of Colorado, Boulder, whose work was also cited by IPCC, said that the report cherry - picked not only
from among the literature to select a paper that delivered the
conclusion it hoped to highlight — that a warming globe was worsening economic losses
from disasters — but also
from within Muir - Wood's paper.
«Is it not extraordinary and unacceptable,» he went on to add, «that the honourable gentleman should have made that announcement before the
conclusion of the 1994 review on nuclear
policy, which the government commissioned
from the industry?»
The practice of science, which includes the packaging of findings
from science for use in the public -
policy arena, is governed by an unwritten code of conduct that includes such elements as mastering the relevant fundamental concepts before venturing into print in the professional or public arena, learning and observing proper practices for presenting ranges of respectable opinion and uncertainty, avoiding the selection of data to fit pre-conceived
conclusions, reading the references one cites and representing their content accurately and fairly, and acknowledging and correcting the errors that have crept into ones work (some of which are, of course, inevitable) after they are discovered by oneself or by others.
With no insight into how climate projections are judged, the public could take away
from situations such as the IPCC's uncertain
conclusion about Antarctica in 2007 that the problems of climate change are inconsequential or that scientists do not know enough to justify the effort (and possible expense) of a public -
policy response, he said.
Given the various social, economic, and educational factors at work before and after NCLB was implemented, it is difficult to draw strong
conclusions about the
policy's impact
from a simple comparison of achievement trends before and after enactment of the law.
If social scientists can reach opposite
conclusions from the same data set, then research, even
from randomized field trials, may do little to inform
policy debates.
Space limits an extended discussion here, but we note two
conclusions from a 2012 article by Economic
Policy Institute researcher Monique Morrissey, who explains that «the logical implication of Richwine and Biggs's [pension] position is that public employers and taxpayers would be indifferent between current pension funding practices and investing in Treasury securities, even though this would triple the cost of pension benefits» and that R & B «selectively alternate between the cost of benefits to employers and the value to workers, and inappropriately equate the latter with the often much higher cost to individuals of obtaining equivalent benefits.»
This was a only a small - scale study, but that didn't stop Rothstein
from drawing the far - fetched
conclusion that «educators have a stake in promoting a federal income
policy that focuses on immediate income support for the unemployed, because this in itself could make instruction more effective.»
It is therefore appropriate —
from the Olympian vantage point a half century provides — not only to assess the Coleman findings and
conclusions but also to consider how and where they have directed the
policy conversation.
Shanker gained a hearing for his ideas
from both liberals and conservatives, not by taking moderate positions that consistently split the difference, but by embracing a coherent philosophy that sometimes led to «liberal»
policy conclusions, other times to «conservative» ones.
By providing the step - by - step analysis regarding how a
policy might be deemed discriminatory, the guidance hinders administrators and advocates alike
from jumping to
conclusions that intentional discrimination is at play based on data disparities alone.
We agree with this
conclusion, and New Jersey, like other states, must develop such
policies over time through a confluence of national and local research, lessons learned
from our classrooms, and an unwavering resolve to provide our students with high - quality teachers.
Coleman's
conclusion was wholly unjustified, because little or none of the EEOS variation in families, schools, peers, or neighborhoods came
from true experiments,
policy experiments, natural experiments, or any other plausibly exogenous source.
In
conclusion, Rothstein asserts that the preliminary report «is not very useful in guiding
policy, but the guidance it does provide points in the opposite direction
from that indicated by its poorly - supported
conclusions» (my emphasis).
These
conclusions emerged
from 72 citizens» forums held in all regions of the country in 1996 through 1998 by the National PTA, Phi Delta Kappa, and the Center on Education
Policy.
That's the
conclusion of two years of analysis by the Gordon Commission on the Future of Assessment in Education, a panel of top education research and
policy experts that was launched in 2011 with initial funding
from the Educational Testing Service.
The Atlanta report's
conclusion that cheating resulted
from a culture of fear, one spurred by rising test - score targets, fuels the argument that
policies determined by test scores provide perverse incentives that are not in the best interests of students.
Whereas, by Resolution No. 2017 - 18: 488, adopted on December 21, 2017, the Board: approved the Superintendent's recommendation to close Kodak Park School No. 41 (currently located at 279 West Ridge Road), effective at the
conclusion of the 2017 - 2018 school year; resolved that the 279 West Ridge Road facility shall continue to be used for educational purposes; authorized and directed the submission of appropriate documents to request permission
from the State Education Department to register a new elementary school commencing in the 2018 - 2019 school year; and directed the Superintendent to submit, recommendations for the new school, including the grade configuration, location and requirements of «Naming of School Facilities
Policy 7500»; and
To reach that
conclusion, our study gathered sample motorcycle insurance quotes of a sample
policy and rider
from four major insurance carriers.
In reality, a 100 odd
policies is a v difficult sample size
from which to draw robust
conclusions.
The Tulsa Drillers and ONEOK Field enforce the Notices to Airmen
policy released by the Federal Aviation Administration that prohibits the operation of drones over a stadium
from one hour prior to an event or game until after the
conclusion of the event or game.
A committee convened by the InterAcademy Council, the association of the world's leading national science academies, delivered a long to - do list to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on Monday, including steps ranging
from limiting the term and
policy recommendations of its leadership to fostering more transparency in its machinations and being more careful to describe the science determining the strength, or weakness, of particular
conclusions.
Therefore, it is a (by some deliberately promoted) misunderstanding to draw
conclusions from such a short trend about future global warming, let alone climate
policy.
But as this is not the case, the
conclusions have little bearing on
policy debates on the severity of climate change risks
from multiple exposure pathways.
If you study the conservative approach to climate change
policy long enough, the implication that they are trying to participate in a scientific conversation starts to fade away and you realize the underlying logic they are using actually starts
from the
conclusion that regulation and government intervention are bad and proceeds to the premise that there is no real problem with climate change, at which point, they pick around for snippets to support their premise.
The problem I have is the introduction of
Policy from Politicians when this is an environmental situation and the scientists haven't even come to a majority
conclusion.
You can point the finger at all sorts of participants in this battle, but I believe (and we have been examining and discussing at length on this site for more than 8 years now) the principal drivers of the polarization are coming more
from: (1) the corporate energy interests who are protecting their profits against regulation and other
policies that would move the system away
from fossil fuels, and using their clout in the political process to tie things up; (2) right - wing anti-government and anti-regulatory ideologues whose political views appear threatened by scientific
conclusions that point toward a need for stronger
policy action; (3) people whose religious or cultural identities appear threatened by modern science; and so forth.
Name any one of the inquiries that didn't explore the questions of lies affecting the science, the «rotten apple» of the spread affecting the science, or the
conclusions being affected in such a way as to alter the narrative or
policy devolving
from it.
A «
policy brief» synthesizing the main conclusions and insights that emerged from the May 2011 Harvard workshop and roundtable has just been released, The SO2 Allowance Trading System and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Reflections on Twenty Years of Policy Innov
policy brief» synthesizing the main
conclusions and insights that emerged
from the May 2011 Harvard workshop and roundtable has just been released, The SO2 Allowance Trading System and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Reflections on Twenty Years of
Policy Innov
Policy Innovation.
To do this: measures are needed to support the integration of variable renewable energy
policies need to be more comprehensive than those devised for the energy sector alone These are two key conclusions from this latest report on Renewable Energy Policies in a Time of Transition Renewables have experienced a remarkable evolution over the past decade now forming the cutting edge — with energy efficiency — of a global energy tra
policies need to be more comprehensive than those devised for the energy sector alone These are two key
conclusions from this latest report on Renewable Energy
Policies in a Time of Transition Renewables have experienced a remarkable evolution over the past decade now forming the cutting edge — with energy efficiency — of a global energy tra
Policies in a Time of Transition Renewables have experienced a remarkable evolution over the past decade now forming the cutting edge — with energy efficiency — of a global energy transition.
In my lengthier comment I did not discuss
conclusions, I discussed only the way the question should be framed IMO to apply logically to the
policy question rather than to science considered as separate
from the
policy questions.
Accordingly, the authors argue that the data used in the Draft Report
from surface temperature sources and the
conclusions reached
from using this data are too unreliable for
policy use.
It presents: (1) results of an IEA study quantifying the cost of uncertainty in the process of climate
policy evolution, (2) results
from interviews with investment departments of electric utilities, and (3) initial
policy conclusions.
That's the
conclusion of a new energy
policy review
from influential thinktank the International Energy Agency (IEA).