Sentences with phrase «policy instruments»

The carbon markets have established themselves as a key policy instrument for the mitigation of global greenhouse gas emissions.

These instruments would be a supplement to the setting of the monetary policy instrument to achieve the inflation target.

We should adopt new policy instruments and advance structural reform to create more space for growth and sustain its momentum.

As is so often the case, transactions costs are important in choosing between available environmental policy instruments.

Yet these deeply flawed tests have become the primary policy instruments used to shrink public space, impose sanctions on teachers and close or punish schools.

Decision makers in government benefit from our comprehensive experience in designing and implementing customized climate policy instruments.

As an asset based policy instrument it would have done much for social mobility in giving young people some sort of financial means to begin life with.

Key policy instruments to support this switch have included carbon taxes and investment incentives, often coupled with regulatory measures.

Combining foreign policy instruments is, however, neither straightforward nor easy to do.

If the primary policy instrument employed in the state and regional policies is cap - and - trade, then the respective carbon markets can be linked.

If policy instruments have a short time horizon or there is the likelihood that future governments will significantly change the policy framework, investors will tend to invest elsewhere.

Free markets and environmental protection have been shown to be compatible — provided that the appropriate policy instruments are chosen.

As a result, there is no single best policy instrument and no single portfolio of instruments that is best across many nations.

The notion of «best» depends on which assessment criteria we employ when comparing policy instruments and the relative weights attached to individual criteria.

We are, though, still learning how to more effectively communicate, especially given our new and expanded set of policy instruments.

Another reason for concentrating on the past decade is that monetary policy instruments — and the associated institutional arrangements — in that period were quite different from earlier periods.

Furthermore, because NBSAPs are adopted as policy instruments, they provide a ready pathway for fast implementation of national sustainable development goals.

The Senate President disclosed this in a statement by his Special Adviser on Media and Publicity, Mr. Yusuph Olaniyonu, stressed the importance of responsive leadership — stating that both elected and appointed public servants must see their offices as a responsibility to better the lives of the people that they represent using the legislative and policy instruments at their disposal.

Johnstone, N., 2002: The use of tradable permits in combination with other policy instruments: A scoping paper.

OECD, 2003 (b): Choosing environmental policy instruments in the real world.

The second part of the course will explore national climate and energy policy approaches of key countries, with an objective to learn lessons from experiences with different public policy instruments and emission reduction projects.

In 9 books and more than 90 articles and book chapters, his broad - ranging scholarship has addressed topics spanning drinking water, trade and environment conflicts, policy instrument design, and the legal and institutional issues in creating markets for ecosystem services.

It is the single most important policy instrument by the EU to meet its international obligations under the Kyoto Protocol.

In particular, it assesses and compares the most important policy instruments for achieving energy efficiency improvements and GHG emission reductions in buildings according to their emission reduction effectiveness, cost - effectiveness and lessons learned.

Policy instruments promoting bioenergy demand interact to various degrees with both renewable energy and forest policies, while supply side instruments, as well as implementation aspects, interact most closely with forest policies.

Our findings yield directions for more relationally oriented educational policy instruments.

The answer is that the interactions of state policies with Federal policy can be problematic, benign, or positive, depending upon their relative scope and stringency, and depending upon the specific policy instruments used.

«He can maybe open the bank up to using different policy instruments, but I don't think that will have a profound impact,» says Richard Barwell, senior European economist at the Royal Bank of Scotland.

Among the observations by the researchers as they examine the initiative into its third year is that standards have «proved to be a more powerful policy instrument than many expected,» having been «put to work in job descriptions, in the curricula of preparation programs, and, crucially, in assessments and support systems for aspiring and novice principals.»

The current communication has a particular focus on the new policy instruments needed to enhance the shift to 100 % renewables - based electricity production within the liberalized power market in Estonia.

But controlling inflation at least cost also requires judicious recourse to other available policy instruments.

In Australia, the Reserve Bank never accepted the degree of policy instrument specialisation found in the academic literature, particularly as wages policy was also addressing inflation control.

Indeed, the overarching lesson from this crisis is that the authorities lacked sufficient policy instruments to take effective actions.»

«This is critical information for decision - makers, who can then craft policy instruments that will reduce or prevent exposures and also have a way to track whether those instruments are working.»

A deal that sees all major emitters cutting greenhouse gases will be key to driving the needed global investment in low - carbon growth, the commission argues, calling it a «powerful macroeconomic policy instrument» that will send clear signals to businesses and investors.

Furthermore, existing infrastructure may «constrain the ability of certain policy instruments to positively affect public health outcomes.»

Kathy Hudson, a former National Institutes of Health (NIH) official who helped shape the revised rule, says she still thinks informed consent «was and is the right and respectful thing to do,» but said that the Common Rule was «a very clunky policy instrument» for achieving that goal, and that the research community's concerns «had to be considered.»

Action at the national level represents an important opportunity to establish synergy, coherent policy instruments and cost - effective ways for implementation.

If, under the best of conditions, schools are still incapable of adding anything but a few fractions of a standard deviation to the academic achievement of students or to their lifetime earning trajectories, might it not make sense to freeze school spending and explore supplementary policy instruments?

«The choice of business model that a country chooses to adopt could crucially determine the impacts on land and livelihoods, so we developed this tool to understand how policy instruments could affect the magnitude of investment flows to different business models» says Eric Kemp - Benedict of the Stockholm Environment Institute, author of the study, who led the development of the tool.

SEDL's work on charters, a unique policy instrument for increasing school - site control over education reform, examined the establishment and design of charter schools in Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.