The only reason for setting the movie in 1969 is as a reaction against the personal and
political liberation of the time.
For example, the two concluding chapters of The Crucified God deal respectively with «Ways towards the psychological liberation of man» and «Ways towards
the political liberation of man».43 Although Moltmann is very sensitive to the socio - historical context of psychiatry, it does not seem that he wants to subsume the psychological entirely under the heading of the political.
He was critical of capitalism and thought that Christian leaders should be concerned with the economic and
political liberation of their followers.
Not exact matches
The People's
Liberation Army Daily on Wednesday published its list
of attendees for the upcoming 19th party congress in Beijing on October 18, with two notable exclusions: Fang Fenghui, who was recently replaced as the chief at the Joint Staff Department in China's military and is currently under investigation for corruption, and General Zhang Yang, the director
of the
political work department, who also sits on the military commission.
The first was General Tian Xiusi, a former
political commissar
of the People's
Liberation Army Air Force and a member
of the party's elite Central Committee.
Yet Benedict was suspicious
of liberation theologians because some aligned themselves with
political movements that sought to overthrow repressive governments in Latin America, other historians say.
On a scale
of 1 to 10, Jones predicts that process theology will tally 6 points
of compatibility with
liberation theology's gospel and mission
of economic, social, and
political liberation for the wretched
of the earth.
However, the more insecure the future
of a liberal, secular society appears to be, the more confident I feel about the future
of religion — not a future in relation to emancipation and economic and / or
political liberation.
In this regard, part
of John B. Cobb, Jr.'s treatment
of liberation theology in his book, Process Theology as
Political Theology, is a case in point.
Similarly, a black theology
of liberation or a feminist theology
of liberation may, like the university theology its proponents criticize, be little more than ideological expressions
of autonomous
political movements that owe no fundamental allegiance to the Christian vision.
Where sin, death, and the devil are no longer the bondage in question and where fear
of God's judgment has been diluted or dissipated into
political correctness, then justification becomes
liberation from anything that anyone experiences as bondage.
There is little doubt that the concern for cultures and religions expresses the middle class social location
of most process theologians, whereas the focus on
political and economic issues and the concomitant demand for justice express the identification with the poor that is the glory
of liberation theology.
A second reason for engaging
political theology instead
of liberation theology can also be briefly explained.
A critical challenge
of liberation theology is its rooting in local praxis and base communities, and here the main British version has been a multifaceted urban theology which has built on a tradition
of pastoral,
political and community - building activity in cities.
This development has expressed itself in the theology
of hope, the theology
of liberation, and
political theology.
In relation to these topics most
of our work remained abstract.1 The theology
of hope, the theology
of liberation, and
political theology jointly constitute a challenge to which process theology has not yet adequately responded.
No to Privatization «red in tooth and claw»; yes to Public Sector without
political corruption; no to Liberalization, with market exploitation; yes to
Liberation from exploitative coercion; no to globalization as domination
of world market with deprivation
of the developmental directive
of «Small is Beautiful»; yes to Universalism in sharing and caring for the suffering humanity and Good Samaritan ethic - these should be evolved and situated in Third World conditions and perspectives.
The Praxis
of Suffering: An Interpretation
of Liberation and
Political Theologies.
Those who confuse
liberation movements with eternal salvation convert the gospel into an ideological promotion
of political and social transformation.
(I am indebted for this story to Dorothee Sölle, who included it in her lecture, «The Role
of Political Theology in Relation to the
Liberation of Men,» one
of the plenary addresses at the conference on Religion and the Humanizing
of Man, Sept. 1 - 5, 1972, Los Angeles.)
From Brian:
Liberation Theology is often criticized as reframing the gospel as a social /
political agenda at the expense
of the message
of forgiveness
of sins through Jesus.
’42 Indeed, women from all three continents, Africa, Asia and Latin America, say that «In the person and praxis
of Jesus Christ, women
of the three continents find the grounds
of our
liberation from all discrimination: sexual, racial, social, economic,
political and religious... Christology is integrally linked with action on behalf
of social justice and the defense
of each person's right to life and to a more humane life.43 This means that Christology is about apartheid, sexual exploitation, poverty and oppression.
But the fundamentalists are popular with the Pinochet government because
of their
political conservatism and emphasis on passive acceptance
of authority — in contrast to socially activist Catholic groups inspired by
liberation theology.
For instance, in its first years,
liberation theology was conceived as (second - order) reflection and discourse based on a (first - order) praxis
of liberation from oppression, especially from social, economic and
political injustice.
In the wake
of the Stonewall riots, «Gay
Liberation Fronts» sprang up across the country, using methods
of intimidation and coercion to achieve
political gains.
Indeed, a «sociological imagination» is slowly transforming all theologies — sometimes with unsettling and explicit power, as in the use
of critical social theories in
political and
liberation theologies; sometimes with more implicit but no less unsettling effect, as in the increasing use
of sociology
of knowledge to clarify the actual social settings (or publics)
of different theologies.
Practice (or praxis) is central to
liberation theology; such theology seeks to be part
of the historical
political project
of liberating the oppressed.
The three continents
of South America, Africa and Asia share
liberation theology's public enemy number one: the appalling
political, social and economic oppression which has led to extreme human degradation.
U.S. policy toward Latin America has fluctuated between open support
of dictatorships and hostility toward movements
of liberation, and advocacy
of a «restricted democracy,» in which a limited amount
of political space is allowed so long as it does not rock the boat too much internally and in the hemisphere.
Therefore, the entreaty
of Latin America is for
liberation from cultural domination, economic exploitation, military regression, social marginalization and
political imperialism; it is an appeal for fairness in international trade and the establishment
of a social order that promotes human dignity, respects democratic institutions and guarantees an equitable distribution
of wealth.
Broadly conceived, black theology asks not only about the metaphysical status
of process theology, but also, and more importantly, can process theology illuminate social -
political ethics in a way that contributes favorably to the
liberation struggle?
Thus the really serious theological /
political task comes into focus: to hold together in word and act, in talking and walking, what is one in the event
of Easter: that the
liberation of God, for us, has taken place in him.
In recent years, however, Pannenberg has voiced caution concerning one
of the offspring
of European
political theology, South America's
liberation theology.
What, then,
of the possible lines
of connection between Niebuhr's thought and the very «
political»
liberation theology
of the 1980s?
The churches have failed to see that the challenge
of world hunger (and the whole complex
of related peace,
liberation and development issues) constitutes a theological crisis for the church as well as a
political, social and economic crisis for the world.
The
liberation viewpoint stressed pulling control over the natural resources
of poor countries out from under Western power so that the developmental process could continue under autonomous, socialist
political systems.
Two such schools
of thought have been North American process theology based on the philosophy
of Alfred North Whitehead and
liberation theology which originated in the struggles
of Third World peoples for economic,
political,...
Coakley is saying that any vision
of the Trinity that lacks a
political and sexual component — both
of great concern to feminist theologians,
liberation theologians and the like — is a false or at least sorely lacking description.
In these stories, disasters resulting from technological or
political threats generate a social order that fails to deliver
liberation of the individual.
(ENTIRE BOOK) Dr. Cobb applies process theology to the relevance
of the world in expressions
of hope,
liberation theology,
political theology and issues facing the global environment.
This global perspective contrasts not only with
political theologies
of the past which correlated theology with the needs
of particular states, but also with
liberation theologies.
For a few, this
political theology may take the form
of a
liberation theology.
The alleged subordination
of the gospel to Karl Marx is illustrated, for example, by charging that «false»
liberation theology concentrates too much on a few selected biblical texts that are always given a
political meaning, leading to an overemphasis on «material» poverty and neglecting other kinds
of poverty; that this leads to a «temporal messianism» that confuses the Kingdom
of God with a purely «earthly» new society, so that the gospel is collapsed into nothing but
political endeavor; that the emphasis on social sin and structural evil leads to an ignoring or forgetting
of the reality
of personal sin; that everything is reduced to praxis (the interplay
of action and reflection) as the only criterion
of faith, so that the notion
of truth is compromised; and that the emphasis on communidades de base sets a so - called «people's church» against the hierarchy.
The
political manipulation
of Christianity was the design behind the declaration
of the National Party's first prime minister, D. F. Malan, that the church's «special calling» was to «guard the [Afrikaner] national interest,» and it is the design behind the recent call
of South African Communist Party leader Joe Slovo for «every good believer to become a witness for
liberation.»
Two such schools
of thought have been North American process theology based on the philosophy
of Alfred North Whitehead and
liberation theology which originated in the struggles
of Third World peoples for economic,
political, and social independence but now has broadened to include the aspiration
of minority groups (e.g., women and blacks) even within affluent First World countries.
Just what has South Africa's religious guardians
of political orthodoxy all worked up is revealed in The Road to Damascus» charge that «right - wing Christians» are guilty
of «vicious attacks against
liberation theology.»
John Cobb's Process Theology as
Political Theology and Delwin Brown's To Set at Liberty indicate the fruitfulness of this contextualization in the emerging dialogue between process and political or liberation th
Political Theology and Delwin Brown's To Set at Liberty indicate the fruitfulness
of this contextualization in the emerging dialogue between process and
political or liberation th
political or
liberation theologies.
In contrast to South Africa's vocal patrons
of liberation theology (who are largely confined to the intellectual class), most evangelical independent and African indigenous churches eschew radical politics and the transformation
of the Christian message into a
political agenda.
Modernity, with its enthronement
of «progress through technology» is, however, the concrete economic, social,
political, cultural, and ecclesial orders against which
liberation theologies direct their intellectual and religious dialectics.
Hence the rise
of liberation (black, feminist, Third World),
political, ecological, public, process, peace and holocaust theologies.