Sentences with phrase «pollution abatement costs»
During the previous twenty years, pollution abatement costs had continually increased, as stricter standards moved the private sector up the marginal abatement - cost curve.
http://www.robertstavinsblog.org/ Not exact matches
For a given level of carbon abatement, people deciding to reduce their own carbon pollution will lead to less disruption to polluting industries and hence less economic cost.
In the 1980s, tradable - permit systems were used to accomplish the phasedown of lead in gasoline -(at a savings of about $ 250 million per year), and to facilitate the phaseout of ozone - depleting chloroflourocarbons (CFCs); and in the 1990's, tradable permits were used to implement stricter air pollution controls in the Los Angeles metropolitan region, and — most important of all — a cap - and - trade system was adopted to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and consequent acid rain by 50 percent under the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 (saving about $ 1 billion per year in abatement costs).
China's climate policy meshes with concerns about energy security, pollution abatement and the cost of energy itself, as well as the impacts of climate change and China's international reputation.
The theory of prices versus quantities for pollution control (Weitzman 1974) shows that such uncertainty will invariably lead the policy to under - or overshoot the optimum: imposing a quantitative target will lead to higher or lower marginal abatement costs than expected, while a given tax rate will lead to greater or lesser abatement effort than expected.
«These programs internalize the cost of pollution into the market and preserve the most cost - effective source of carbon abatement available to consumers.
One way of achieving that is to allow transfer of funds through a Clean Development Mechanism, such as the one available in the European trading scheme, which allows polluters in Europe to pay for emissions abatement in places such as China if that is more cost - effective than reducing pollution themselves.
MMN11 suggest a possible interpretation of the high GED / VA ratios is that these industries are not efficiently regulated - the damages associated with their pollution exceed the costs of abatement (through some form of emissions pricing).