Just as lack of Vitamin D and
poor calcium absorption can cause malformation of the bones of the legs (as in the case of Rickets), it can cause the jawbone to form poorly, resulting in spacing problems for the teeth and braces for the child.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is caused by a wide range of factors including low gastric acidity (common in older people,) use of acid blockers or excessive laxative use, lack of intrinsic factor,
poor absorption from the intestines, lack of
Calcium, heavy metal toxicity, or excessive Vitamin B12 degradation.