It might leave to parents to obtain the education where and how they pleased, and content itself with helping to pay the school fees of
the poorer classes of children, and defraying the entire school expenses of those who have no one else to pay for them.
Not exact matches
But it is a different story if we use the low income measure, which looks at the gap between
poor children and the middle
class, calculating the number
of children who live in a family which has less than one half
of the income
of a comparable middle income family.
Can people in bad,
poor areas break out
of the cycle
of family instability that puts
children at risk academically, economically, socially, and emotionally — a cycle currently working its way through the working
class?
The New Yorker Book
of Kids» Cartoons (2001) features only three cartoons with families
of more than two
children — one a family
of fish, another
of cats, and a third an obviously
poor, white, working -
class family.
The Sunday School was started to provide Christian nurture and knowledge
of the Bible for
poor children who lacked the advantages
of middle -
class family life.
Poor people on average consume the same level of vitamins, minerals, and protein as do middle - class folk, and poor children actually eat more meat and protein than do their middle - class pe
Poor people on average consume the same level
of vitamins, minerals, and protein as do middle -
class folk, and
poor children actually eat more meat and protein than do their middle - class pe
poor children actually eat more meat and protein than do their middle -
class peers.
If [
poor black families] are matriarchal by choice (i.e., if lower -
class men, women, and
children truly prefer a family consisting
of a mother,
children, and a series
of transient males) then it is hardly the federal government's proper business to try to alter this choice.
From what he could see, the parents taking their seats in the auditorium were the ones he had hoped to attract: typical Harlem residents, mostly African American, some Hispanic, almost all
poor or working
class, all struggling to one degree or another with the challenges
of raising and educating
children in one
of New York City's most impoverished neighborhoods.
His conclusion: if you want
poor kids to be able to compete with their middle -
class peers, you need to change everything in their lives — their schools, their neighborhoods, even the
child - rearing practices
of their parents.
There are good political and social reasons behind making pre-K available to everyone, including the benefits to all
children of socioeconomic integration and the fact that middle -
class voters are more likely to be invested in programs that aren't narrowly targeted at the
poor.
I think it is important to point out that this isn't just an issue for middle
class families who care deeply about their
child's diet and are able to provide abundant healthy food choices but school menus have great impact on many, many
poor children who, through no fault
of their own and often with no agency to change the situation, end up being pawns in the lunch tray wars.
Few
of us want to risk a completely new name on our infants that no one can spell, but we don't want the
poor child to be the ninth kid in
class with the same name, either.
For working -
class and
poor families, the cultural logic
of child rearing at home is out
of synch with the standards
of institutions.»
No one had all the answers yet, but they had, at least, a new set
of questions: What specific resources did middle -
class children have that allowed them to succeed at such higher rates than
poor children?
The scheme's critics argued that Specialist Schools encouraged segregation in education, insofar as the middle
class parents who were long best placed to ensure favourable outcomes from school admissions regimes
of grammar schools would continue to be able to get their
children into the better schools, at the expense
of those from
poorer and socially excluded backgrounds.
Then, he took those lightweight twinkletoes and gave
poor and working
class New Yorkers the chance to send their
children to mostly superior charter schools intsead
of leaving them in the cesspools
of the public system (and, in the process, forced the public system to get much better because
of the competition.)
• Short - term savings from cutting the middle
class out
of state benefits as Nick Clegg suggests on
child benefit (Britain needs «savage» cuts, says Clegg, 19 September) would weaken public support for the social safety net on which the
poorest depend and ultimately endanger the future
of the welfare state itself.
Iain Duncan Smith has, for some time, wanted to base the extra # 10billion cuts needed from his budget on changing universal benefits so that the middle
classes and higher earners do not receive unjustified handouts (
child benefit for higher earners, for example), rather than balance his budget on the backs
of the
poor and vulnerable.
«The combination
of a high cost
of living, shortage
of good jobs, lack
of affordable housing and
poor performing schools makes it hard for middle
class families — and their
children — to get ahead, or even hold their own,» she said.
Stronger associations between higher levels
of pollution around pregnant women and
poorer lung function in their subsequent
children appeared among allergic
children and those
of lower social
class.
The results
of eye tests carried out as part
of last year's annual survey
of the health
of schoolchildren were the worst on record, with the highest ever number
of children having sight
classed as «extremely
poor».
As evidence
of peer influence, she also notes that siblings grow up to be very different adults; that adopted
children are more like their biological parents than their adopted parents in terms
of such traits as criminality; and that adolescents from
poor neighborhoods are more likely to be delinquents than adolescents from middle -
class neighborhoods, whereas being from a broken home has no effect on delinquency.
The campaign for The role
of children during this time depends mostly on the economic status
of the
class (
poor)
children needed to work to help support.
Rendering characters they developed in tandem with their Spanish writer - director, these non-professional but astoundingly gifted performers convey so much
of what matters in so many working -
class black lives: the solidarity but also the standoff between parent and
child; the series
of low - ceiling jobs; the alienation from what few social services still exist; the yearning but also the wariness awakened by new romantic prospects; and the suddenness with which
poor choices, ambient prejudice, or adolescent disaffection lead to intractable enmeshments in the penal apparatus.
In the middle
of the last decade, in urban communities across America, middle -
class and upper - middle -
class parents started sending their
children to public schools again — schools that for decades had overwhelmingly served
poor and (and overwhelmingly minority) populations.
Most
of the seven hundred or so
children who attend this K - 12 institution located in a tough neighborhood in Northeast Washington enter scoring well below their grade level in reading and math; the school is overwhelmingly black and largely
poor or working -
class.
Lots
of research talks about what happens in the first few years
of a kid's life and how
poor children don't get the support and input — things as simple as language or as complicated as an outlook on life, self - esteem, and how you interact with institutions — that middle -
class kids tend to get.
Wanting to see for himself, Mike visits his local elementary school in Takoma Park, Maryland, where «the
children of übereducated whites» are in the same classrooms as
poor blacks, black middle -
class families» and «
poor immigrant
children from Latin America, Ethiopia, and Eritrea.»
Several factors affect
poor children's academic performances, and more money doesn't always close the gap between their test scores and the scores
of their white, middle
class counterparts, Neill told Education World.
The SAT was first used to open the doors
of elite institutions to certain middle -
class and
poor children who wouldn't have gotten in under the system that favored the old boy network.
People from outside the community may think that the only difference between a middle -
class child and a
poor one is money, but life in a devastated community is a minefield
of potential setbacks for
children.
Piney Branch Elementary serves an incredibly diverse group
of 3rd, 4th, and 5th graders, from the
children of übereducated white and black middle -
class families, to
poor immigrant
children from Latin America, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, to low - income African American kids.
Khan was approached by the Los Altos, California, school system and developed a program for experimental use
of Khan Academy material in two 5th - and 7th - grade
classes; the latter held
children from «across El Camino Real,» the
poorer part
of Los Altos.
Probably the most thought - provoking portion
of Professor Wax's essay is her discussion
of how both models — no - excuses and income mixing — «assume that, to succeed in school and in life,
poor children need to be taught bourgeois, middle -
class values — and socialized away from their culture
of birth.»
But vouchers would not, in Illich's view, offer
poor children those benefits that truly set middle -
class children apart: the conversation
of educated people, books in the home, travel.
But ability grouping and its close cousin, tracking, in which
children take different
classes based on their proficiency levels, fell out
of favor in the late 1980s and the 1990s as critics charged that they perpetuated inequality by trapping
poor and minority students in low - level groups.
Schools actually narrow the achievement gap; it's what affluent
children get before they start school that gives them significant academic advantages over the
children of the middle
class and the
poor, according to the research.
The man who launched Sylvan Learning Centers, the for - profit franchises that tutor thousands
of students in storefronts and shopping malls across the nation, said the centers have hiked their hourly fees beyond the reach
of the middle -
class and
poor children who really need them.
Instead, it is likely that the most effected by budget cuts will be working
class and near
poor children, those
children who attend school districts that receive limited federal dollars but lack the advantages
of high local property values or school taxes.
Some
of the biggest axes would fall on a $ 2.3 billion program for teacher training and
class - size reduction, and a $ 1.2 billion after - school program, which serves nearly 2 million
children, many
of them
poor.
Because the purpose
of Title 1 is to provide additional support for
children from
poor and minority backgrounds, any use
of the subsidies for general school operations (including for kids from the middle
class) is a violation
of federal law.
Gone, for example, would be $ 1.2 billion for after school programs that serve 1.6 million
children, most
of whom are
poor, and $ 2.1 billion for teacher training and
class - size reduction.
More importantly, these writers have essentially embraced the Poverty and Personal Responsibility myths that education traditionalists have held so dear, declaring that helping
children of the
poor — especially those from single - family households — move into the middle
class is almost impossible.
Neither middle
class or
poor parents should have fewer or no choices in the array
of schools whose teaching and curricula are critical to the futures
of their
children and communities, than in restaurants to which they should never have to go.
We need to hear more about the nobility
of teaching, the impact that it has and the particular rewards derived from improving the chances
of children from
poorer and more difficult backgrounds — far greater, I'd argue, than teaching the gilded off - spring
of the Chinese or Qatari ruling
classes.
TFA, suitably representative
of the liberal education reform more generally, underwrites, intentionally or not, the conservative assumptions
of the education reform movement: that teacher's unions serve as barriers to quality education; that testing is the best way to assess quality education; that educating
poor children is best done by institutionalizing them; that meritocracy is an end - in - itself; that social
class is an unimportant variable in education reform; that education policy is best made by evading politics proper; and that faith in public school teachers is misplaced.
The rules requiring waiver states to submit plans for providing
poor and minority
children with high - quality teachers was unworkable because it doesn't address the supply problem at the heart
of the teacher quality issues facing American public education; the fact that state education departments would have to battle with teachers» union affiliates, suburban districts, and the middle -
class white families those districts serve made the entire concept a non-starter.
And it is important to remind some Beltway reformers that focusing on
poor and minority
children will not only help all kids, but can even win suppoet from middle
class blacks and Latinos, who will make up the majority
of all Americans by mid-century.
Finally, Dr. Jeff Duncan - Andrade, professor
of Raza Studies at San Francisco State University and a high school teacher in East Oakland, California, closed the day with a moving talk on critical pedagogy in urban settings in which he shared his own experiences and strategies for effective teaching in schools serving
poor and working -
class children.
He also finds it particularly interesting that Common Core foes say they want high - quality education for all
children, yet fail to consider that their opposition to the standards hurts
poor and minority kids as well as middle
class white and Asian
children in suburbia, both
of which have few options — including vouchers and charter schools — to which they can avail in order to get high - quality education.