The poorer quality of parenting shown by single mothers may also be explained, at least in part, by the higher rates of psychological problems, particularly depression, found among single mothers.
The poorer quality of parenting shown by single mothers may be explained, at least in part, by higher rates of psychological problems, particularly depression (Dunn et al., 1998).
The summary consisted of several sentences describing the link between spanking and short - and long - term child behavior problems, including aggressive and delinquent acts,
poor quality of parent - child relationships and an increased risk of child physical abuse.
Not exact matches
When sleeping is not made a priority,
parents typically experience: · Exhaustion · Irritability · Decreased productivity · A suffering
quality of life · A negative mood · Declining physical health · Lack
of focus With
poor sleep and an increased irritable mood, our problems feel bigger than they really are and stress can become intensified.
Here's your note: A few young
parents might get worried that as an umbrella stroller feels lightweight, then it must be made
of poor quality.
Some researchers estimate that as much as one third
of the
parenting gap we find between
poor -
quality and high -
quality parenting could be closed by better support to families, 27 which is at least equal to the fraction
of the gap that could be closed by changes in preschools, as we saw earlier.
While father absence has been associated with a host
of negative children's outcomes, including increased risk
of dropping out
of school and lower educational attainment,
poorer physical and mental health, and behavioural problems,36 - 40 higher levels
of involvement by nonresident fathers may assuage the negative effects
of father absence on children's outcomes.41, 42
Quality of the
parents» relationship before divorce, or
of the pre-divorce father / child relationship, can also be an important factor: children fare worse following divorce when pre-divorce relationships were good and fare better when pre-divorce relationships were
poor, 43,44 suggesting children are sometimes better off without a father if the father's relationship to the child or the mother was not good.
Outbred
parents provide more care inbred offspring to compensate for the detrimental effects
of poor genetic
quality
The other public schools are
of such
poor quality that any
parents who can afford to do so send their children to expensive private schools.
The conscience
of a liberal should struggle with supporting a system in which the children
of the
poor are consigned to attend the school that is assigned to them by public officials, regardless
of its
quality, whereas more affluent
parents can shop for the school they want for their children by purchasing a home in the vicinity
of the public school they prefer or paying private school tuition.
In light
of the cross committee super inquiry, schools should expect more pressure from
parents in the near future, as awareness around the effects
of poor air
quality on their children's health grows, and the need for fast, effective solutions becomes all the more apparent and urgent.
All
of the «options» Florida is offering have the same issues as public education: they are only as good as the
quality of programs & people - administrators, teachers, evaluators, etc. implementing them - and more importantly, in the voucher plan there are two huge issues: 1)
poor and uneducated
parents rarely are aware
of the range
of quality and number
of schools available (which I am sure the politicians are counting on) 2) Even if every
parent were saavy in the needs
of their child and the kind
of school they should look for, there aren't enough
of those schools available...
Parent Power groups are also going to push the legislature to eliminate the state's Zip Code Education policies, which essentially limit the ability
of poor and minority families to provide their kids the high -
quality education they deserve.
If the
quality of public education is generally
poor, then
parents must compete for a small number
of adequate schools - a competition that will be won by those with the greatest access to resources.
Parent View gives you the chance to tell Ofsted what you think about your child's school, from the
quality of teaching to dealing with bullying and
poor behaviour.
There's a lot
of conjecture about why preschool investments may not pay off as much as one might expect: the length
of the preschool,
parents» involvement, support services, low
quality curricula, and
poor oversight.
Unfortunately, such high -
quality parenting support is available to only a handful
of poor families.
It said, that it is «clear that as children get older they will read more digital material» and that «those who have discovered the digital world with their
parents may be more discerning readers and be less vulnerable to the allure
of inappropriate or
poor quality content.»
I can breed the finest cats genetically, but, if they're fed a diet
of poor quality food, they won't have much
of a chance to follow in their
parents paw prints as strong, healthy, beautiful cats.
«While the puppies are sold for profit, their
parents are kept at these mills for years, subjected to incessant breeding and a very
poor quality of life.
Although not previously linked to health inequalities, sleep problems are associated with
poorer health - related
quality of life, psychosocial and behavioural problems, and risk for obesity.41 Physical health indicators were based on
parent report and dichotomised according to recommended cut - points (table 1).
The role
of parental relationship
quality It has long been recognized in the research on divorced
parents that the
quality of parents» relationships (for example, how well they get along and how much conflict they experience) would be a key intervening variable explaining links between divorce or separation and
poorer child outcomes.
Such programs would provide
parent education classes for divorcing
parents, increase the minimum wage and the earned income tax credit for
poor working
parents, establish paternity and increase the payment
of child support, and improve the quantity and
quality of time that nonresident
parents, especially fathers, spend with their children.
As noted, single
parents, on average, have fewer resources, are in
poorer mental health, and have more problematic relationships with their partners — any
of which might in turn affect the
quality of parenting that single mothers provide for their children.
For example, adults who experience parental divorce as a child have lower socioeconomic attainment, an increased risk
of having a nonmarital birth, weaker bonds with
parents, lower psychological well - being,
poorer marital
quality, and an elevated risk
of seeing their own marriage end in divorce.7 Overall, the evidence is consistent that parental divorce during childhood is linked with a wide range
of problems in adulthood.
The
quality of relationships
parents make with their children predicts healthy eating, 3 and the only programmes which have an (albeit modest) impact in reversing childhood obesity are programmes which offer development
of parenting skills as well as lifestyle advice.4 5 Adverse
parenting is also a risk factor for the adoption
of smoking, 6 alcohol and drug misuse, 6 teenage pregnancy, 6 and
poor mental health in children, 7 adolescents8 9 and adults.10 11 It is possible to show that adverse
parenting and
poor quality parent — child relationships are risk factors for
poor health in general6 12 — 14 and symptoms
of poor physical health6 12 13 in childhood and adulthood, as well as cardiovascular disease, 6 13 cancer, 6 13 musculoskeletal problems, 6 13 injury15 and mortality6 in later life.
These stressors involved witnessing
parent financial struggles; and the lack
of resources (ie, hunger, homelessness, and
poor -
quality clothing) caused by family financial struggles.
Insecure attachments are significantly linked to
poor styles
of parenting that affect the
quality of the child's attachment, such as disturbed family interactions, parental rejection, inattentive or disorganized
parenting, neglect, and abuse.
Eight studies that examined the identification
of psychosocial risk factors for
poor parenting,
quality of the home environment for supporting child development, and office assessment
of the
parent - child relationship were reviewed (Table 1).
Many
of these children will likely end up in unregulated or
poor -
quality care so that their
parents can continue to work.
With regard to developmental shifts in the
quality of the
parent - adolescent relationship, midrange adolescents reported a significantly
poorer relationship with their mother than older adolescents.
Family stress predicts
poorer dietary
quality in children: Examining the role
of the
parent - child relationship.
(Note that although having
parents who are unmarried is a «current» predictor
of a
poor father - child relationship, there is no information collected at the GUS age 10 interview on the current
quality of the partner relationship.
Parents who felt their couple relationship was
of a
poorer quality were not as involved with their children and used harsher discipline while mothers who felt their relationship was
of a better
quality had children with better cognitive abilities and less behavioural problems (Jones, 2010).
Where there was a different informant (the child's
parent) for two outcome measures (behavioural and emotional difficulties,
poor school adjustment), the finding
of an association with father - child relationship
quality appears stronger.
Summary We are learning much more about the biological impact
of poor parenting and the need for interventions that are crafted to improve the
quality of parent — child relationships in many settings.
Conflict itself is not a sign
of poor relationship
quality, because it will unquestionably arise in healthy relationships as
parents exert appropriate levels
of behavioural control over their adolescents, negotiating increasing responsibility as competence develops (69).
Many theoretical accounts have proposed that a low SES contributes to delinquency, either through economic deprivation (e.g., [7]-RRB-,
poor neighbor
quality (e.g., [10]-RRB-, or a lack
of positive
parenting (e.g., [17]-RRB-.
While the aforementioned body
of work indicates that children with high CU traits experience more negative
parenting and
poorer quality parent — child relationships, what is less understood, however, are the specific ways in which
parents socialize such children about emotions.
Recent research conducted in mainland China found that obesity prevalence was higher among children in wealthier families, 4 but the patterns were different in Hong Kong with higher rates
of childhood obesity among lower income families.4 5 Hong Kong, despite having a per capita gross domestic product
of Hong Kong dollar (HK$) 273 550, has large income differences between rich and
poor as reflected by a high Gini coefficient
of 0.539 reported in 2016; approximately 20 %
of the population are living in poverty as defined by a monthly household income below half
of the Hong Kong median.6 It is widely accepted that population health tend to be worse in societies with greater income inequalities, and hence low - income families in these societies are particularly at risk
of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced
poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported
poorer health - related
quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 %
of the
parents having a known history
of mental illness and 18.2 %
of them reporting elevated level
of stress.
As the most stigmatized group due to their lack
of biological ties, adoptive families would be expected to show lower well - being and
poorer relationship
quality than would the other family structure groups, and two
parent biological families would be expected to look the most well adjusted.
While father absence has been associated with a host
of negative children's outcomes, including increased risk
of dropping out
of school and lower educational attainment,
poorer physical and mental health, and behavioural problems,36 - 40 higher levels
of involvement by nonresident fathers may assuage the negative effects
of father absence on children's outcomes.41, 42
Quality of the
parents» relationship before divorce, or
of the pre-divorce father / child relationship, can also be an important factor: children fare worse following divorce when pre-divorce relationships were good and fare better when pre-divorce relationships were
poor, 43,44 suggesting children are sometimes better off without a father if the father's relationship to the child or the mother was not good.
However, studies investigating the association between
quality of parenting and prospective change in CU traits in preschool samples have found that multiple domains
of parenting (positive
parenting, parental involvement, and
poor monitoring / supervision) uniquely predicted changes in CU traits [47], and that high CU traits at ages 3 — 4 were predicted by
parent harshness [57].
According to resource models, lower income is associated with
poorer health outcomes because
of increased psychological stress, which may result in lower
quality parenting (Conger, Conger, Matthews, & Elder, 1999).
Recent studies, based on self - reported assessments
of coparenting, have reported significant links between both
parents» depressive symptoms, negative coparenting, and negative temperament (Solmeyer and Feinberg, 2011) or
poor sleep
quality in the child (McDaniel and Teti, 2012).
In contrast with fertility, the relationship between women's neuroticism and child
quality seems to be less context - specific: Neuroticism in women predicts
poorer child condition both in the studied population and in modern settings where high neuroticism has been associated with inadequate
parenting practices and the creation
of a stressful family environment (37).