Sentences with phrase «population studies demonstrate»

Not exact matches

Lest common sense fail to convince readers that surgery is not a treatment for a mental disorder, a Swedish study published in 2011 found that over the long term, 324 people who had undergone sex - reassignment surgery demonstrated an alarmingly high suicide rate and experienced considerably higher numbers of severe psychiatric problems than were present in the general population.

And in Canada, where it appears safest of all, several studies have demonstrated that in carefully selected populations, there is no difference between the number of babies who die at home or in the hospital.

This is the first study to demonstrate a link between breastfeeding and lower risk of RA in a Chinese population, where breastfeeding was common practice and more prevalent than in many Western populations.

More recent studies have also demonstrated a protective effect of breast - feeding, but this is again mainly in populations with a high risk of developing atopic disease.

The prone or side sleep position can increase the risk of rebreathing expired gases, resulting in hypercapnia and hypoxia.54, — , 57 The prone position also increases the risk of overheating by decreasing the rate of heat loss and increasing body temperature compared with infants sleeping supine.58, 59 Recent evidence suggests that prone sleeping alters the autonomic control of the infant cardiovascular system during sleep, particularly at 2 to 3 months of age, 60 and can result in decreased cerebral oxygenation.61 The prone position places infants at high risk of SIDS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.3 — 13.1).62, — , 66 However, recent studies have demonstrated that the SIDS risks associated with side and prone position are similar in magnitude (OR: 2.0 and 2.6, respectively) 63 and that the population - attributable risk reported for side sleep position is higher than that for prone position.65, 67 Furthermore, the risk of SIDS is exceptionally high for infants who are placed on their side and found on their stomach (OR: 8.7).63 The side sleep position is inherently unstable, and the probability of an infant rolling to the prone position from the side sleep position is significantly greater than rolling prone from the back.65, 68 Infants who are unaccustomed to the prone position and are placed prone for sleep are also at greater risk than those usually placed prone (adjusted OR: 8.7 — 45.4).63, 69,70 Therefore, it is critically important that every caregiver use the supine sleep position for every sleep period.

Individual and group care models warrant additional study with a goal of demonstrating differences in outcomes and identifying populations that benefit most from specific care models.

The study is one of the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of yoga specifically in military veterans, a population that faces more health challenges and may be harder to treat than non-VA populations, say the researchers.

«Our work demonstrates that the generation of genome sequences from a large number of archaic human individuals is now technically feasible, and opens the possibility to study Neandertal populations across their temporal and geographical range,» says Janet Kelso, the senior author of the new study.

She added: «This is one of the first studies to demonstrate a meaningful response rate in the checkpoint inhibitor refractory melanoma population.

The TOPCAT trial also presented the opportunity to study cardiac structure and function in this population through an echocardiography sub-study in 935 patients, which demonstrated a high prevalence of abnormal cardiac structure in these patients.

The study demonstrated a dramatic rebound in arapaima populations that had been previously overfished in lakes under community - based management, concluding that these management programmes are a clear «win - win» conservation solution, compatible with the socioeconomic reality of Amazonian countries.

Differences in bower decoration within a single population of spotted bowerbirds come about because of local traditions, a new study finds, demonstrating a type of social learning rarely seen outside of primates.

«Although many guidelines recommend people with diabetes reduce their salt intake to lower the risk of complications, this study is among the first large longitudinal studies to demonstrate the benefits of a low - sodium diet in this population.»

One study mentioned in the WSU review demonstrates how drought, hunting and habitat competition among growing populations in Egypt led to the extinction of many large - bodied mammals around 3,000 B.C..

«While Massachusetts safety - net hospitals (many of which are minority - serving) received large cuts in payments with the idea that other hospitals would assume the care of previously uninsured patients, this study demonstrates the importance of securing the future of safety - net and minority - serving hospitals through policy - based interventions to assure the continued care of vulnerable and underserved patient populations.»

The current PALOMA - 3 study demonstrates benefit in a population of women with a later stage of metastatic breast cancer.

«This study demonstrates room for improvement for skin cancer prevention and early detection in the military population, including possible screening of higher - risk personnel,» she said.

«Prior research at Yale has demonstrated that buprenorphine treatment is highly effective in primary care, and this study was designed in part to expand the reach of this treatment to this critical ED patient population,» said Dr. Patrick O'Connor, professor of medicine and chief of general internal medicine at Yale School of Medicine.

This is the first study to demonstrate a link between breastfeeding and lower risk of RA in a Chinese population, where breastfeeding was common practice and more prevalent than in many Western populations.

«Our analysis demonstrates the need to assess multiple variables simultaneously when studying ecogeographical rules in a broadly distributed species like the common treeshrew, as multiple factors may have influenced how populations evolved.»

However, a new study in The Condor: Ornithological Applications demonstrates that a new, simplified survey method, coordinated across 8 agencies, has tremendous potential to provide accurate population estimates and aid in the species» conservation.

In a study appearing in the journal PLOS ONE, researchers at The Ohio State University and their colleagues have demonstrated how two separate effects of climate change combine to destabilize different populations of coral microbes — that is, unbalance the natural coral «microbiome» — opening the door for bad bacteria to overpopulate corals» mucus and their bodies as a whole.

«Although the definition of underrepresented minority is evolving to reflect local and regional perspectives, findings from this study demonstrate that faculty who are underrepresented in medicine, relative to the general population, have seen little increase in absolute or percentage representation across all schools during this time period, while the prevalence of individuals of underrepresented minority status in the general population had increased to greater than 30 percent by 2010,» the authors write.

Dr. Ilie said the study provides the first population - based evidence demonstrating the extent of the association between TBI and poor mental health outcomes among adolescents.

Nevertheless, the researchers say: «These data demonstrate a consistent protective association between total fibre intake and symptom - related knee [osteoarthritis] in two study populations with careful adjustment for potential confounders.»

The study assesses the food supply available to more than 140 nations (with populations greater than 1 million) and demonstrates that food security is becoming increasingly susceptible to perturbations in demographic growth, as humanity places increasing pressure on use of limited land and water resources.

Co-author Julia C. Basso, PhD, post-doctoral research fellow, Center for Neural Science at New York University, commented, «The studies presented in this review clearly demonstrate that acute exercise has profound effects on brain chemistry and physiology, which has important implications for cognitive enhancements in healthy populations and symptom remediation in clinical populations.»

While small studies have demonstrated the value of safety toolkits and quality improvement projects to reduce complications, this is the first project to scale to a population level showing the generalizability of this approach.

«We were able to demonstrate this in one of the largest study populations to date, with around 900 patients in 35 countries.

«This is an important study as it clearly demonstrates the negative effects of inbreeding as a result of habitat fragmentation and isolation of small populations,» said TSA President Rick Hudson.

By identifying a significant population of HER2 + lung cancer patients, the current study demonstrates the need for these therapies.

The new study from Tonegawa's group builds on previous research demonstrating that episodic memories are physically represented in populations of cells in parts of the hippocampus.

The bed bug population in U.S. homes has skyrocketed in the last 10 years, and it's possible — although still not demonstrated — that immigrants or others who already have T. cruzi could infect bed bugs in their home who could then pass it to other people in the household, says Michael Levy, assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and a co-author of the study.

Using population - based data, our study demonstrates that NICU admission rates increased steadily from 2007 to 2012.

«In this study we were able to demonstrate the clinical utility of Prosigna in a real world setting by testing a comprehensive population - based cohort of patients,» stated Dr. Bent Ejlertsen of the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.

Since very few studies have demonstrated the formation of macro-metastasis from low numbers of sorted CSCs and currently proposed CSC markers might not be sufficient to identify all stem cell populations [13], we believe that our study presents a promising approach to isolate stem - like and metastatic breast CSCs as opposed to the cell - sorting strategy based on putative stem cell surface markers.

The significant difference in outcome achieved by transplantation of hGDAsBMP versus hGDAsCNTF demonstrates clearly that not all astrocytes are equivalent in respect to their therapeutic value, and this appears to be the first study demonstrating functional differences between different human astrocyte populations with respect to repairing the adult central nervous system.

Dr Ricardo Rodríguez Varela, researcher at Stockholm University and lead author of the study, explains: «By generating the first autosomal genetic data from these populations we can conclusively demonstrate that the Guanches were most closely related to modern North Africans of Berber ancestry than to any other population we included for comparisons, supporting previous studies but adding more detail and nuance.»

• Because few trials have been performed with nonstatin cholesterol - lowering drugs in the statin era, and those that have been performed were unable to demonstrate significant additional ASCVD event reductions in the RCT populations studied, there was less evidence to support the use of nonstatin drugs for ASCVD prevention.

Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that modern human variation is generally continuous, rather than discrete or «racial,» and that most variation in modern humans is within, rather than between, populations [11], [17].

While it has been demonstrated previously that more differentiated cells demonstrate a lower reprogramming efficiency [11] and different somatic cell types possess differential reprogramming ability [12], [13], no study to date, to our knowledge, has identified subpopulations of cells within a primary cell population possessing differential reprogramming potential.

This study additionally demonstrates that the systematic examination of panels of biological candidate genes in large, well - characterised populations can be an effective complement to positional cloning approaches.

REYKJAVIK, Iceland, 8 June 2015 — A study led by scientists at deCODE genetics and published today demonstrates at population scale that variations in the sequence of the genome that increase risk of mental illness characterized by psychosis are also predictors of creativity.

«The studies presented in this review clearly demonstrate that acute exercise has profound effects on brain chemistry and physiology, which has important implications for cognitive enhancements in healthy populations and symptom remediation in clinical populations,» noted co-author Julia C. Basso in a press release.

Vitamin c may help to reduce heart rate and increases blood flow.Lots of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of vitamin c in improving blood flow in populations that have impaired blood flow (smokers, the obese).

Stress resistance has not been assessed however and so the biological relevance of this finding is currently unknown.32 Several IER trials (75 - 85 % ER on restricted days) in overweight / obese populations have reported reductions in various markers of oxidative stress 37, 41, which in one study was accompanied by a complementary increase in the anti-oxidant uric acid.37 In a direct comparison of IER (75 % ER for two days / week) and CER, both ER strategies displayed equal efficacy in reducing levels of fast - acting advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) after six months, which displayed a tendency to occur earlier (i.e. at three months) in the IER group.41 Levels of slow - acting (i.e. long term) AOPP tended to decrease in the IER group and increase in the CER group which the authors proposed may have resulted from IER - induced activation of autophagy, a key homeostatic cellular process in which dysfunctional or unnecessary cellular proteins are degraded and recycled.41 On the other hand, a follow - up study using similar IER / CER protocols demonstrated comparable reductions in AOPP in both groups after three months.48 Summary and Future Research Directions

Epidemiological studies of «pre-technological» (no electricity, gasoline, air - conditioning, grocery stores...) societies demonstrate that while those populations may have volvulus, they have no diverticulosis — due to their very high fiber intake (100 - 300 grams / day) according to the work of Burkitt (of Burkitt's lymphoma) or S B Eaton of Emory U. («Stone - agers in the Fast Lane» Am J of Med 1988).

Yet studies cited by the DGAC Report demonstrated increases in atherogenic lipoprotein levels, decreases in HDL - cholesterol and varied metabolic responses to lowered saturated fat in several population groups.

To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a clear positive association between cardiovascular fitness and cognitive performance in a large population of young adults.

Data from population - based cohort studies demonstrate that overweight and obese adults who lose weight benefit from improvements in cardio - metabolic risk [5], [6] similar to the effects reported in weight loss trials [7]--[9].