Sentences with phrase «population studies rather»

Much of the evidence against BPA comes from large population studies rather than controlled clinical trials.

Not exact matches

With all due respect, if you'd read the actual study, you would see that this was not a whole genome sequence comparison; rather it was a comparison of mitochondrial 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA sequences for the purposes of confirming the species relationship between the Pod Mrcaru lizards (P. sicula), the source population from Pod Kopiste (also P. sicula), and the original indigenous population on Pod Mrcaru (P. mellisellensis).

Spiritual but not religious people are especially prevalent in the younger population in the United States, although a recent study has argued that it is not so much that people have stopped believing in God, but rather have drifted from formal institutions.

The increased socioeconomic inequalities in breastfeeding observed in the intervention group supports the argument that population intervention strategies could inadvertently exacerbate, rather than mitigate, socioeconomic inequalities, particularly when the intervention aims to change individual behaviours rather than targeting «upstream» structural changes.25 Our results are also compatible with an observational study from Brazil reporting that breastfeeding rates increased first among the socioeconomically better - off, followed by increases among the poor, over a 20 - year period of active breastfeeding promotion campaigns in Brazil.26

«Our study suggests the gaseous fuel for these new stellar populations has an origin that is external to the cluster, rather than internal.»

«These studies are rather illuminating because they provide new insights into the population of HIV virons that spreads horizontally from men,» Warner Greene, director of the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), who was not involved in the new work, noted in an e-mail.

Although the king of the jungle is fairly well studied, most research efforts have focused on individual populations rather than the entire species, which is down to perhaps as few as 20,000 individuals.

This study was based on a large population sample in the community, rather than being drawn from secondary care.

Rather than look at the overall number of DNA changes, Harris focused on the frequency of changes in each kind of DNA base in the populations she studied.

Michaela Hau, an evolutionary physiologist at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany, says that the new study is «immensely valuable» because it was carried out with a large number of baboons who lived in the wild rather than a captive population, which might be suffering from different kinds of stresses due to captivity, social isolation, or variable food quality.

Rather than wait for the results of that study, Reiman says that he and his colleagues decided to conduct the two trials simultaneously to ensure that any positive results from the Colombian study can be quickly tested into a more representative population — drugs that work for people with early - onset Alzheimer's might not necessarily help those with late - onset Alzheimer's, he says.

Since the study was conducted specifically on EDM partygoers, the researchers note that the results may not apply to the general population, but, rather, highlight the need for prevention efforts in this high - risk group.

Rather than safely becoming middle - class melting pots, however, the once majority - white suburbs in Kye's study appeared especially sensitive to the growth and emergence of non-white populations.

Trotti, Maness and colleagues didn't set out to dive into ME / CFS — they explicitly label this paper a pilot study, and the results say more about the «hypersomnolent» group of patients they have been seeing for the last several years, rather than the broader ME / CFS population.

Geriatric conditions, rather than multimorbidity, as predictors of disability and mortality among octogenarians: a population - based cohort study

With 8 -10-meter class telescopes coming online equipped now in the next decade with large fields - of - view (such as the Subaru Telescope with Hyper Suprime - Cam and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope), I think we'll be able to find many more residents of the inner Oort Cloud, and begin to really study this population of remote icy bodies that until now has remained rather elusive.

Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that modern human variation is generally continuous, rather than discrete or «racial,» and that most variation in modern humans is within, rather than between, populations [11], [17].

Although the researchers did find a connection between BPA levels and sperm problems in men who were exposed to BPA only in the general environment (rather than the workplace), it's possible that the study population differs from the U.S. population in key ways.

Adding to the significance of the findings was the fact that the research doesn't represent a mere population study, but was rather an «intervention» study — in which the diet actually caused the health benefits.

Recent studies emphasize that adiposity, like stature, is a polygenic trait, and that population genetic variability primarily comprises different frequencies of particular alleles, rather than major systematic differences [14, 60].

I would be wary of generalizing from population studies, which often implies comparing rather different ethnic groups.

The concern about flatulence is much overdrawn, and a rather obvious explanation lies in what the Cleveland Clinic / Stanley Hazen study (2011) found about GI bacterial populations of omnivores vs. vegans.

They have observed, for instance, that many daters would rather admit to being fat than liberal or conservative... most studies using online dating data are about heterosexuals, because they make up more of the population.)

But the most important principle of survey research is that it is not the size of the sample that matters, but rather the degree to which that sample is representative of the population under study.

The study also finds that these early users turn to the internet as their main source for news much more frequently than the public overall, and they have a strong preference for reading and listening to news rather than watching it - again much more than the population overall.

Indeed, in their contribution to The Domestic Cat: The Biology of Its Behaviour, researchers Mike Fitzgerald and Dennis Turner thoroughly reviewed 61 predation studies, concluding rather unambiguously that «there are few, if any studies apart from island ones that actually demonstrate that cats have reduced bird populations.»

Studies showing correlative links between Toxoplasma gondii infection and potential increases in schizophrenia, suicide attempts and poor impulse control have often been conducted on small clinical or convenience samples, rather than large populations.

Rather, studies show the most popular breeds at any given time tend to top the list because, of course, there are more of those dogs in the general population.

[88] DNA studies indicated that this individual might have originated from the eastern population rather than the western.

If we add up all of these costs, which we did in a study published in 2012 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, we find thousands of dollars of damages per vehicle (gasoline or electric) that are paid by the overall population rather than only by those releasing the emissions and consuming the oil.

She was looking to support her global warming theory admittedly «searching for a climate fingerprint rather than critiquing each study».4 And she knowingly omitted contradictory details and failed to mention that the other half of her observed population had prospered during those same events.

Many of the scales demonstrated weak psychometrics in at least one of the following ways: (a) lack of psychometric data [i.e., reliability and / or validity; e.g., HFQ, MASC, PBS, Social Adjustment Scale - Self - Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60) for some subscales, which calls into question the utility of using these subscales in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991 version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e) lack of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «cases» of a disorder (e.g., depression; CDI, BDI), (f) lack of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a factor structure that lacks clarity across studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the factor structure is often difficult to assess in studies of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low correlations between respondents such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion of somatic or physical symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting studies of children with pediatric physical conditions because physical symptoms may be a feature of the condition rather than an indicator of a mental health problem, (k) high correlations with measures of social desirability, which is particularly problematic for the self - related rating scales and for child - report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsivity).

The size of the CfC impacts on most outcomes was small, but can be considered positive relative to what was observed in the early phase of the UK Sure Start evaluation.3 The current results are also comparable in size to those found in the later impact evaluation of the Sure Start programme, in which 3 - year - old children were exposed to mature SSLP throughout their entire lives.4 Reviews of the effectiveness of early childhood interventions have found that most studies reported effect sizes on parenting and child outcomes that were small to moderate.14 15 When comparing CfC and SSLP with other interventions, it is important to remember that the evaluations of these interventions measured effects on an entire population, rather than on programme participants, as is the case in the evaluation of many other interventions.

Finally, one can not assume that the samples were completely representative for the populations studied, as, for example a number of people refused to participate, and the educational level of the Turks and Moroccans was rather high.

It is also possible, however, that because participants in this study were healthy undergraduate students (rather than a clinical population), anxiously attached individuals may have responded more to the attachment than non-attachment cues by hyperactivating their attachment system, and this provided them with greater benefit and reduced arousal relative to those who received the non-attachment primes.