In 1991 he was shortlisted for the Turner Prize for his ability to demonstrate «the expressive
possibilities of abstract paintings» (The Turner Prize: Twenty Years, by Virginia Button, Tate Publishing, 2003.)
Gravity, extreme force and painterly chemical reaction work together alongside the artist's intervention to make works that aim to split, break and reinvigorate
the possibilities of abstract painting.
During her career that spanned six decades, Helen Frankenthaler expanded
the possibilities of abstract painting, while at times referencing figuration and landscape in unique ways.
My work is particularly invested in exploding the structural
possibilities of abstract painting, expanding the kinetic possibilities for monumental sculpture, and enlivening the dialogue around contemporary art across class, gender, age, and education.»
He occupies a unique place in the contemporary art scene, and is widely credited with having expanded
the possibilities of abstract painting after Minimalism.
They embrace both improvisation and orientation, and materiality and illusion, earnestly pursuing
the possibilities of abstract painting.
In 1948 he, along with Mark Rothko, Robert Motherwell, and others, founded the Subjects of the Artist School as a means for exploring and promulgating ideas about the inspiration, subjects, attitudes, and
possibilities of abstract expressionism.
Tamarind was founded in the absence of an American print shop dedicated to serving artists, and during a period when American artists tended to reject lithography and collaborative printing in favor of the more «direct... immediate»
possibilities of abstract expressionist painting.
Indeed, Bowling's recent works produced over the last few years continue to explore the nature and
possibilities of abstract painting, the diverse range of principles and processes explored across his career now converging and coalescing in dynamic new configurations of colour and form.
These four artists opened up the spatial and metaphysical
possibilities of abstract painting in gradual but equally unprecedented ways.
During the First World War the emergence of the De Stijl group in the Netherlands further expanded
the possibilities of abstract art, led by Piet Mondrian.
His compositions explore
the possibilities of abstract painting and bear characters of both immediacy and delicacy.
There is
no possibility of an abstract doctrine of the Holy Spirit in Pentecostal theology because the person of the Spirit is understood in terms of the Spirit's gifts and empowerment for witness.
Certainly the MoMA exhibition resonated deeply on a cultural level, as it had with his compatriots Romare Bearden, Charles Alston, and Gwendoline and Jacob Lawrence, but most clearly for Lewis, African art opened a path to the aesthetic
possibilities of abstracted «plastic effects.»
Not exact matches
The upshot
of all this, and the trouble with it, first, is that it equates the concrete with the
abstract, identifying God's decisions for concrete particulars with his decisions for pure
possibilities.
And then there is the problem
of individual existent «things,» actualities as opposed to the formal
abstract possibilities which are the eternal objects.
As I understand it, the relevant features
of a «proposition» are these: A «proposition» is a «concrete
possibility; it is
abstracted from some objective event in the actual world; it is proposed as a
possibility that an entity may want to consider for itself in a future moment in its process
of self - creation; it is apprehended by the entity in «feeling» and so is preconceptual and largely preconsciously apprehended; it stands in a complex
of relationships with other «propositions,» and the set
of propositions presupposes a systematic universe; its «interest» (as «lure») is more important than its «truth.»
But each moment
of divine conceptuality can only entertain
possibility as a continuum (which is always generic) and can only create one determinate result, a result that includes all the generic aspects
of all previously specified determinations by including the determinations themselves, the «
abstract is in the concrete, [so] any concrete contains the entire unlimited form» (Divine 144).
Is it possible that his rejection
of «This structure as bare
possibility» reflects some anxiety on his part about a possible but undeveloped connection between idealism and the role
of abstract possibility in the primordial nature
of God?
However, as a social being man lives necessarily in community, and though he is the subject
of radical freedom, he is yet not its
abstract subject, confronted, as it were, with the variety
of its indifferent
possibilities.
Still, there is at least a
possibility of convergence, at a fairly
abstract level, on the answer.
A second objection is that an actuality is indefinitely complex, so that no proposition, even an extremely complex one, could exhaustively describe it, even in the mode
of abstract possibility.
I have italicized two words, «particular
possibilities,» to indicate that Whitehead at this time saw no particular difficulty in connecting God's very
abstract alternatives with the particular concerns
of concrescing actual occasions.
This correspondence is not identity because they are together in the nexus in the mode
of realization whereas they are together in the proposition only in the mode
of abstract possibility (AI 313 - 14).
It is precisely in the introduction
of formative elements as conditions
of the
possibility of actual entities, according to Collingwood, that Whitehead differs from Alexander.25 Furthermore, the status
of one
of these formative elements, the «eternal objects,» is analogous to that
of the «
abstract entities»: 26 both are situated between the realism
of ideas and pure nominalism.
This infinite self, however, is really only the
abstractest form, the
abstractest possibility of the self, and it is this self the man despairingly wills to be, detaching the self from every relation to the Power which posited it, or detaching it from the conception that there is such a Power in existence.
Its analysis
of faith begins not with an
abstract speculation on the conditions
of possibility for the act
of faith, but rather with Abraham, «our father in faith».
Loomer shows that according to Whitehead's centrally important «ontological principle» actuality is prior to
possibility, the
abstract derivative from the concrete, and consequently that Whitehead's mature metaphysics requires that God as the primordial and
abstract principle
of limitation is only an aspect
of God as a consequent, concrete reality.
Thus, as we increase the complexity
of the eternal object, we are also
abstracting in progressively higher levels from the realm
of possibility.
Here «incarnation» does not refer so much to the actualization as to the embodiment
of divine aims in the lives
of people, whereby the very
abstract aims conceptually entertained in God's primordial experience are transformed into concrete
possibilities or effective lures for our action and self - understanding.
He surely can not believe that the ultimate decision about man depends on the
possibility of classifying him in a general order
of an
abstract kind.
If God is the source
of all
possibilities, as «primordial deity», there is a sense in which he may be called
abstract and «eternal»; but God is also infinitely related to and influenced by the world, and hence as «consequent deity» is concrete and «everlasting».
In the same manner, we may conceive God as necessary because
of all things in the
abstract pole
of his reality, for he is the principle
of possibility of all things; but he is also the contingent effect
of all things in his concrete pole, because his actuality changes with every changing actual state
of the world.
Through the reality
of this
possibility the status
of an eternal object in the event differs from its
abstract status in the realm
of eternal objects in general.
Whitehead holds that the attempt to explain the concrete by constructing it step by step out
of the
abstract misunderstands the explanatory
possibilities of philosophy: «Each fact is more than its forms» (PR 30).
We must distinguish between what love would lead us to choose in the realm
of abstract possibility and what love may require us to do in the actualities
of history.
The
possibility that a particular actual entity should emerge from a given world and be distinct from it, is grounded not solely in the realm
of possibility in general, which is always
abstract taken in itself, but in the ambit which the actual world
of becoming leaves open for the
possibility of the becoming
of something novel.
To what extent is the being
of occasions a real and concrete being in contrast to the
abstract being
of eternal objects whose
abstract essence can be defined solely as the
possibility of a concrete actualization in an occasion?
Viewed from the vantage point
of Whitehead's conclusion and the recognition that God is an actual entity in which the two natures are
abstract parts, we must say that God as a whole is everlasting, but that he envisages all
possibility eternally.
For process thought the concrete and the actual are superior, but the primordial ordering
of possibilities by the
abstract nature
of God is absolutely necessary for continued existence, order, and satisfaction.
Such ideas, and others equally
abstract, form the background for all our facts, the fountain - head
of all the
possibilities we conceive
of.
So, for example, preferring the
abstract possibility of «turning south at Damascus» while still one hundred miles away is not identical to choosing the concrete turn south when arriving at the crossroads in Damascus.
God is deficient in concrete actuality, as Whitehead said, because every time the adjusting
of abstract possibilities to concrete events butts up against complete definiteness, the existence that makes the final decision shifts from God to the presently emerging creatures.
The
abstract nature
of God is only logically, not chronologically, prior; it is the presupposition
of the nature
of God's becoming (PR 54) and
of the ordered relevance
of possibility for the process
of creation (PR 522).
God's primordial nature is his abiding,
abstract aim expressed in terms
of his conceptual adjustment
of pure
possibility.
In practically all
of nature, the
abstract possibility of the present's being urged toward novel modes
of becoming is not actualized.
Ahmad's «subjective aim» for a real
possibility ingredient in the context
of a concrete situation is different than, though derived from, his primordial ordering
of all
abstract possibilities in terms
of his ultimate pursuit
of his goal, Mecca.
However, we also must recognize that Whitehead's critique
of modernism radically deconstructs the
possibility of an unbiased, axiomatic center that can be
abstracted from the whole.
It is surely the case that past events combine to enforce the greater probability
of certain developments which are, so - to - speak, more potential than other (simply
abstract)
possibilities.
He does not distinguish properly, for example, between the
abstract non-temporal divine valuation «linking possible situations (containing many data) to the best
possibilities of synthesis
of those data,» and the concrete divine evaluation or actual choice
of a specific initial aim in the light
of what has just happened in the world and thus been prehended by the divine consequent nature («Consequences» 330).