Sentences with phrase «possible confounding»

A notable limitation in the majority of studies (n = 11) was the lack of description of possible confounding variables in either the methodological design or analysis of the studies.

Second, we limited our analyses to savoury processed foods, as excluding sugary processed foods may help to reduce the possible confounding and contradictory effects of sugar on brain development (Beilharz et al. 2014; Maniam et al. 2015).

Maternal depression was therefore included as a possible confounding factor.

Socioeconomic factors are possible confounding variables that are known to predict physical health outcomes and were therefore included as control variables.

The sex of the offspring was included as a possible confounding factor because prenatal stress has been shown to have sex - specific effects on the developing fetus [15].

Nevertheless, the mentioned studies have limitations such as small sample size (8 — 10), reliance on retrospective memory, low participation rate and attrition (7, 11), oversimplification in CHD severity grading (7, 11), use of self - reports, lack of clinical assessment of parental mental health problems (8, 11), and lack of data on possible confounding factors (11).

However, in an effort to control for possible confounding influences, the sample was carefully selected with respect to gender, age, as well as cognitive abilities.

The fact that the present research will focus on unmarried couples is novel, and should control for possible confounding factors related to relationship satisfaction scores, such as the stigma of divorce, structural barriers, and financial barriers.

The socio - economic characteristics which were associated with difficulties at school entry - after controlling for other possible confounding factors - varied according to the domain being examined.

I have also wondered if these findings have anything to do with possible confounding variables.

Importantly, these findings can not be attributed to possible confounding effects of a host of other maternal parenting risk factors.

This rate difference remained statistically significant after controlling for the child's age and sex, and possible confounding factors (P =.01).

Reading in those terms would validate MDAC's approach to the question, which essentially was to ignore a score if it was affected in any way by possible confounding factors.

Furthermore, divergence is always lurking as a possible confounding factor for any temperatures warmer than the calibration period.

Among the issues discussed: solar energy variations that could contribute to the ebb and flow of ice ages, new understanding of ice ages and the possibility of cooling because of aerosol pollution, but also the possible confounding factor of increasing greenhouse gases:

For example, bristlecone pines are known to be CO2 fertilized, creating a possible confounding problem if they are used in temperature reconstruction

Helicobacter pylori was also found and could have been a possible confounding variable although the symptoms resolved post-treatment of the S. cerevisiae.

As far as I can tell from the abstract, no attempt was made to control for possible confounding variables.

Therefore, to prevent the risk of a possible confounding effect on the rate of glucose absorption, we limited the amount of lactulose to the minimum (5 g) that has been shown to significantly increase colonic fermentation without altering the orocecal transit time of a solid meal (7, 8).

After adjustment for possible confounding variables, the association remained statistically significant.»

That would be a good first step toward identifying relationships that deserve further study, in the form of a look at possible confounding factors and evaluation of the robustness of the associations.

https://deniseminger.com/2010/06/20/a-closer-look-at-the-china-study-dairy-and-disease/ In her link, she point out possible confounding factors in the china study regarding the association of dairy and htn, (Lack of vegetables, excess sodium, high body weight, and high caloric intake, to name a few.)

The data were adjusted to control for possible confounding variables, including education level, tobacco use, and physical and mental health status.

For example, bristlecone pines are known to be CO2 fertilized, creating a possible confounding problem if they are used in temperature reconstructionA figure from Mann's own website suggested that the medieval warm period reappeared if bristlecone pines were excluded from the reconstruction.

A possible confounding factor, he says, is that the motivation to find food varies between dog breeds and could therefore also vary between the tamed and untamed foxes: Rather than more clever, the tamed foxes might just be hungrier.

Controlling for possible confounding variables such as cultural norms and attitudes did not affect the results.

This last group served as a control to distinguish IED from possible confounding psychiatric factors.

This association persisted even after possible confounding factors such as physical activity, body mass index, smoking and consumption of fruits and vegetables were taken into consideration.

For instance, when the researchers removed the possible confounding influence of ApoE4 by looking only at families lacking that ApoE variant, they found that the frequency of the mutant A2M gene in Alzheimer's patients was four times greater than in their siblings who did not have the disease.

Pagani's team then analyzed the data to identify any significant link between such problems and early televiewing, discarding many possible confounding factors.

The investigators acknowledge that there are possible confounding factors in the study (notably that maternal health information was incomplete in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy), but the design of this large study in a series of egg donation treatments ruled out any possibility that the weight of the egg donor (all defined as of normal weight) could affect results in the recipient.

After adjusting for numerous possible confounding factors, including body mass index and alcohol use, the researchers found that women in the highest quartile of GGT had nearly twice the risk of subsequent gestational diabetes than those in the lowest quartile.

The authors note their study used observational data so, despite adjustment for possible confounding factors, it still could be subject to confounding by personality, impulsivity, feeling of hopelessness or other cognitive factors.

The objective in difference testing is to eliminate all possible confounding factors, leaving just the one variable (the one changed ingredient).

Participants also kept a diary of their activities on that day, and were interviewed in person to better control for possible confounding factors, as well as how typical their activities were on the monitoring day.

When modeled together with adjustment for possible confounding, these associations were marginally attenuated.

We also applied logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios, 28 in order to control for possible confounding factors.

One of the possible confounding factors noted in their study was that the experimental group had more of the adolescents living with their parents, whereas adolescents in the control group were more likely to live with their significant other.

This is useful technique that allows the researcher to isolate the impact of the EBC scheme from other possible confounding factors.

A consistent paint brand (Krylon Products Group, Cleveland, OH) with similar chemical composition was selected to color the two robots and reduce possible confounds associated with olfactory cues.

Interesting possible confounds: (1) they let Bezos lock up a huge number of their potential customers — «just throw away your Kindle and buy from us on...» what?

Previous studies have documented that smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with offspring externalizing problems, even when measured covariates were used to control for possible confounds.

Not exact matches

The package also contains bills directing agencies to craft the least costly rules possible, to publish cost estimates for rules in development, and to publish «plain language» summaries of proposed rules online, a salvo at the impenetrable verbal thickets that confound small - business owners, who typically handle compliance themselves.

In addition to this being a case of special pleading via definitional fiat, the immutable good nature of god argument places the «objective / absolute» standard beyond the control of the god in that god has no choice but to obey this good nature (which also confounds the notion of omnipotence in that god is restricted to only a limited set of possible behaviors).

I like to think of myself as a fairly rational individual, which is why what has and is going on at Arsenal confounds me... little wonder people have gone so far as to suggest that Wenger is actually sabotaging the club... one only needs to look at our starting 11 to stoke the flames of conspiracy... just think of the perceived importance of this game, considering the loss to Stoke, the historically significance of the two teams involved, the controversy that swirled around our two meetings last season, the proximity to the closing of the window and the general disdain being directed towards the manager once again... how is it even possible that you wouldn't come to Anfield with all guns blazing... not a single shot on target, with the back - up keeper in no less... where were the new signings?

Limitations of the study included low response rate for control families, higher socioeconomic status in participants vs. nonparticipants, possible residual confounding despite multivariate analysis, and possible recall bias because of retrospective design.

It is possible that practice settings such as midwife - led units can be a confounding influence on outcomes of midwife - led continuity of care (Brocklehurst 2011), although home birth was not offered in any of the trials.

Although economic, cultural, and political pressures often confound decisions about infant feeding, the AAP firmly adheres to the position that breastfeeding ensures the best possible health as well as the best developmental and psychosocial outcomes for the infant.

One possible explanation of these findings is that our results are confounded by differences between mothers who use or avoid pacifiers.

Studies of the relation between breast feeding and illnesses are subject to possible limitation by misclassification of exposure and outcome and by confounding.