To address
the possible publication bias (ie, the fact that studies with nonsignificant results are less likely to be published), we computed the fail - safe N (Nfs) according to the method Orwin16 proposed, which is more conservative than the traditional Rosenthal Nfs.17, 18 Orwin's Nfs determines the number of additional studies in a meta - analysis yielding null effect sizes that would be needed to yield a «trivial» OR of 1.05.
Not exact matches
This may be the result of
publication bias although it is also
possible that few or no such trials exist.
The strength and consistency of reported associations, the extent of small study
bias and
publication bias, and the potential contribution of confounding factors were examined where
possible.
The author cautioned that due to
possible «
publication bias», the reported success in 50 % of cases should not be taken «as evidence of an overall biochar likelihood of producing positive impacts».
The best solution to this difficulty is to try to prevent effects of
publication bias and obtain all unpublished material as best as
possible (e.g., Mullen 1989; Rosenthal 1991).