Candidate
explanatory factors were chosen on the basis of empirical studies suggesting their
potential contribution to the gradient and data availability.2 The ECLS - B data set contains rich longitudinal data on various family, health, and home environment variables, along with direct measures of cognitive abilities at school entry.
Parental separation may also expose children to loss of social, economic and human capital.4, 14 Other
explanatory factors may derive from characteristics typical of separating parents such as lower relationship satisfaction and higher conflict levels also before the separation.4 The rising numbers of children with JPC have concerned child clinicians as well as researchers on the subject.20, 21 Child experts have worried about children's
potential feelings of alienation from living in two separate worlds, 20 — 22 increased exposure to parental conflict12, 22 and other stressors that JPC may impose on a child.22 Such daily stressors may be long distances to school, friends and leisure activities, lack of stability in parenting and home environment and a need to adjust to the demands of two different family lives.12, 22 The logistics of travelling between their homes and keeping in contact with friends has been stated as a drawback of JPC in interview studies with children.23 — 25 Older adolescents, in particular, indicated that they preferred to be in one place.23