To begin, she and her team set out to study
the prairie soils that dominate much of the American heartland.
ARS scientists found antibiotic - resistant bacteria occurring naturally in undisturbed Nebraska
prairie soils.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists have found antibiotic - resistant bacteria in
prairie soils that had little or no exposure to human or animal activity.
Microbiologist Lisa Durso and her colleagues at the ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit in Lincoln, Nebraska, recently demonstrated that ungrazed
prairie soils have measurable amounts of bacteria with antibiotic resistance.
Rout and colleagues first confirmed that the invaded soils of the prairie did indeed have higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorous, and iron - derived chemicals compared with the non-invaded
prairie soils still dominated by native plants.
And Wes Jackson, the Kansas agronomist, makes the same point in connection with physical systems — particularly
the prairie soils continuing to bleed brown into the Mississippi and every other river system that drains farmland.
The researchers working on the Great Prairie project have managed to compile about 1.8 trillion bases of DNA data, but Jansson thinks those data describe only a fraction of the microbial communities in
prairie soil, given that the soil contains between 1 billion and 10 billion individual cells per gram.
Did you know that
prairie soil is the most fertile soil on earth?
Not exact matches
Volunteers will use rakes to score the
soil and then sprinkle seeds from native
prairie plant species.
Dust produced during the glacial era made major contributions to the
soil in the southern Midwest
prairies, the most important agricultural region in the country today.
The research «contradicts the notion that trees and shrubs are drying up the
prairie landscape,» says
soil scientist Mark Seyfried of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service in Boise.
The
soil in Manhattan's Central Park contains microbial life that also exists in deserts, frozen tundra, forests, rainforests and
prairies.
Switchgrass and
prairie cordgrass, both native perennial grasses grown for biomass, come out of dormancy when the
soil warms up for a week or more, usually in April.
On a larger scale, communities and even corporations are doing their part to create areas of restored
prairies which in turn will store organic carbon in the
soil and help maintain the biodiversity of 3000 plus species that count on the grasslands for food and shelter.
You can create a backyard
prairie restoration that will enrich your
soil, help with erosion and take up extra water in excessive rainfalls.
«When we plowed up the
prairies, we released carbon from the grasslands and
soils into the atmosphere.
She started with mice, putting 126 bodies into individual containers with
soil from three places: a short grass
prairie and a subalpine lodgepole pine forest in Colorado, and a desert in Texas.
Rout combined forces with colleagues from The University of Montana, The University of Texas Arlington, and University of Washington to investigate whether the differences in
soil nutrient concentrations found in an invaded
prairie could be due to metabolic processes of the bacterial microbiome associated with the invasive grass, and to determine whether these microbial agents facilitate the perpetuation and spread of this invasive grass.
By comparing
soil taken from 31 uncultivated
prairie sites, such as cemeteries and national parks, with
soil from agricultural land, Fierer's team identified microbes that probably inhabited the untouched
prairies but were later lost.
This project addresses feedbacks between microbial matabolism and ecosystem processes in a forest
soils,
prairie potholes, river systems, and lakes.
Underground, an extensive root system of
prairie plants helps to filter pollutants when rainwater percolates through the
soil.
The film's striking images — an isolated gothic mansard - roofed mansion standing alone on the
prairie, the dark silhouette of a scarecrow in the field, an enlarged shoot of grain coming up through the
soil, a grasshopper chomping a head of wheat, a wine glass under water following a furtive tryst — are charged with emotion and meaning, never there just for effect.
I'm often amazed by what American people have endured to be Americans including my German ancestors who came to American to escape Hitler's persecution of Jewish people; my husband's Norwegian grandparents who spent a North Dakota winter in a tent on the
prairie; my Polish grandfather and his family who were displaced from their homeland by Hitler; and the brave people in my family who have fought in every war on American
soil and abroad.
«Great
prairies stretching out as far as one could see,» wrote one Norwegian immigrant of the image that lured him and his wife and three sons to America in 1876, «with never a stone to gather up, a tree to cut down, or a stump to grub out — the
soil so black and rich that as somebody said, you had only «to tickle it with a plow, and it would laugh with a beautiful harvest.»»
«Great
prairies stretching out as far as one could see,» wrote one Norwegian immigrant of the image that lured him and his wife and three sons to America in 1876, «with never a stone to gather up, a tree to cut down, or a stump to grub out — the
soil so black and rich that as somebody said, you had only «to tickle it with...
Inspired by our vast fertile
prairies, rich
soils and pristine lakes, ACANA Wild Prairie features unique regional ingredients delivered fresh from western Canadian farms and waters.
As
prairie dogs graze and burrow, they act like giant earthworms, helping to fertilize and aerate hard - packed
soils and prevent water erosion, important for maintaining a robust
prairie habitat.
When a
prairie dog colony is decimated by plague, the effects reverberate through the entire local ecosystem, from animals to plants and even the
soil.
Coachwhips are commonly found in open areas with sandy
soil, open pine forests, old fields, and
prairies.
The species prefers areas such as
prairie regions with sandy loam
soils where it can dig more easily for its prey.
From slowing, and maybe even reversing global climate change through
soil carbon sequestration to creating perennial food crops that mimic natural
prairies and help protect our waterways, there are many methods that could be deployed to both reduce farming's negative impact and simultaneously start rebuilding natural ecosystem services that have previously been degraded.
North American
prairies were meters - deep in rich
soil.
Grazing management impacts on vegetation,
soil biota and
soil chemical, physical and hydrological properties in tall grass
prairie.
The most common feedstocks will likely be agricultural wastes, such as rice straw, or natural grasses such as switchgrass, a variety of
prairie grass that is often planted on
soil bank land to replenish the
soil's fertility.
DU's project is preserving the carbon sequestered in the
soil by avoiding the conversion of these valuable
prairies to cropland.
We also observed increases in
soil carbon, at rates exceeding 0.4 Mg C ha ‑ 1 y ‑ 1 for 5 - 8 years, in Tennessee sweetgum forest and Kansas
prairie exposed to elevated CO2.
The first outcome of this project is a collaborative effort between DU and NRCS that is preserving the
soil carbon sequestered in the North Dakota counties of Burleigh, Emmons, Kidder, Sheridan, McLean, Stutsman, Logan and McIntosh by avoiding the conversion of these valuable
prairies to cropland.
Warming of a tall - grass
prairie showed increased plant growth that supported enhanced
soil fungal success (Zhang et al., 2005).
Increased rainfall variability was more significant than rainfall amount for tall - grass
prairie productivity (Fay et al., 2000, 2002), with a 50 % increase in dry - spell duration causing 10 % reduction in NPP (Fay et al., 2003) and a 13 % reduction in
soil respiration (Harper et al., 2005).
Later, Duane worked as a
soil scientist and even studied
prairie chicken habitat with former students of Aldo Leopold.
Preferred habitat: ditches,
prairies, swales, depressions + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: dormant in winter + + + +
Soil conditions: loam, clay, well drained + + + + Light conditions: partial shade to full sun + + + + Plant spacing: 3 to 4 feet apart + + + + Wildlife value: Seed enjoyed by deer and many species of birds; a nectar and larval food plant for butterflies; attracts these birds: Cardinal, Carolina Chickadee, American Goldfinch, House Finch, Purple Finch, Evening Grosbeak, Blue Jay, Nut Hatches, White - Throated Sparrow, Tufted Titmouse, Rufous - sided Towhee, House Sparrow, Dark - eyed Junco, Mourning Dove, Pine Siskin, Red - winged Black Bird, Scrub Jay, and Red - Bellied and Red - headed Woodpeckers; Silvery Checkerspots and Bordered Patch Butterfly larvae eat leaves.
Preferred habitat:
prairies + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: winter rosette, leaves up to six inches + + + +
Soil conditions: loam, clay, poor drainage okay + + + + Light conditions: full sun to partial shade + + + + Plant spacing: use only as accent, aggressive + + + + Wildlife value: flowers are attractive to bees and butterflies, especially Monarchs
Preferred habitat:
prairies + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: dormant in winter + + + +
Soil conditions: loam, clay, tolerates poor drainage + + + + Light conditions: partial shade to full sun + + + + Plant spacing: 1/2 to 2 pounds of pure live seed per 1,000 square feet, or 3 to 4 feet apart for accents.
Preferred habitat:
prairies + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: dormant in winter + + + +
Soil conditions: loam, clay, tolerates poor drainage + + + + Light conditions: partial shade to full sun + + + + Plant spacing: 1/2 to 2 pounds of pure live seed per 1,000 square feet, or 2 feet apart for garden accent + + + + Wildlife value: important forage grass, butterfly larval food plant, wood nymph larvae eat it
Synonym: Cooperia pedunculata + + + + Preferred habitat: pastures,
prairies, woodlands + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: sometimes evergreen + + + +
Soil conditions: loam, clay + + + + Light conditions: partial shade to full sun + + + + Plant spacing: 6 to 12 inches + + + + Wildlife value: nectar source + + + + Note: do not be disappointed if they bloom sporadically after rains - that is their nature
Preferred habitat: tallgrass
prairies, coastal woods, river bottoms, hardwood slopes, lake shores + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: deciduous, leaves periodically turn yellow in fall + + + +
Soil conditions: loam, clay loam, clay, well drained + + + + Light conditions: dappled shade to full sun + + + + Plant spacing: 20 to 25 feet + + + + Wildlife value: birds and mammals enjoy the fruit; birds attracted include Eastern Bluebird, Mockingbird, Red - headed Woodpecker; Henry's Elfin Butterfly larvae eat leaves; Viceroy Butterfly larvae eat plum + + + + Note: this tree is remarkably versatile in terms of handling various light conditions and soil conditions as long as it is not sited in a low - lying a
Soil conditions: loam, clay loam, clay, well drained + + + + Light conditions: dappled shade to full sun + + + + Plant spacing: 20 to 25 feet + + + + Wildlife value: birds and mammals enjoy the fruit; birds attracted include Eastern Bluebird, Mockingbird, Red - headed Woodpecker; Henry's Elfin Butterfly larvae eat leaves; Viceroy Butterfly larvae eat plum + + + + Note: this tree is remarkably versatile in terms of handling various light conditions and
soil conditions as long as it is not sited in a low - lying a
soil conditions as long as it is not sited in a low - lying area.
Preferred habitat: Gulf
prairies and marshes + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: evergreen to dormant in winter + + + +
Soil conditions: loam, clay, tolerates poor drainage + + + + Light conditions: dappled shade to full sun + + + + Plant spacing: 12 to 15» + + + + Wildlife value: attracts bees + + + + Note: foliage is average looking, but flowers are exquisite.
Preferred habitat:
prairies + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: dormant in winter + + + +
Soil conditions: loam, clay, well drained + + + + Light conditions: partial shade to full sun + + + + Plant spacing: 1 / 2to 2 pounds of pure live seed per 1,000 square feet, or 1 1/2 feet apart for garden accent + + + + Wildlife value: butterfly larval feed plant, wood nymphs and swarthy skippers eat it.
Preferred habitat:
prairies, fields, pastures, open woodlands + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: annual or short - lived perennial + + + +
Soil conditions: loam, clay, well drained + + + + Light conditions: partial shade to full sun + + + + Plant spacing: 9 to 15» apart or 2 pounds of seed per acre + + + + Wildlife value: a butterfly nectar food source; Silvery Checkerspot eat the foliage
Now, armed with rapidly expanding knowledge about carbon sequestration in
soils, researchers are studying how land restoration programs in places like the former North American
prairie, the North China Plain, and even the parched interior of Australia might help put carbon back into the
soil...