Studies of 19th - century topics (with concern for contemporary relevance) have been undertaken by Gayle Carlton Felton, who examined Methodist baptismal
teaching and practices in the previous century (Duke, 1987), and by Carol Marie Norén, who studied the
doctrine of Christian perfection as expressed in the preaching of a Swedish - American Methodist
preacher of sanctification, Nels O. Westergreen (Princeton University, 1986) A dissertation on 19th - century Methodist services for marriage and burial is currently under way at Notre Dame by Karen Westerfield Tucker.
The manifold variety of
doctrines which could be encountered in early Greek philosophy and in the early Hellenistic age was abandoned (though to some extent revived in Gnostic circles), and in its place came a fairly uniform
teaching, largely Stoic in origin, which laid emphasis on the four virtues of justice, courage, sobriety and understanding, and was addressed by
preachers to individuals.