Pronounced long - term trends from 1900 to 2005 have been observed in
precipitation amount in some places: significantly wetter in eastern North and South America, northern Europe and northern and central Asia, but drier in the Sahel, southern Africa, the Mediterranean and southern Asia.
Our analyses focused on projecting the possible range of temperature and
precipitation amounts in Montana, under our chosen greenhouse gas emission scenarios.
Specifically, we examine relationships between isotopes in precipitation and local temperatures and
precipitation amounts in the principal ice coring regions (Greenland, Antarctica and the tropical Andes) and the seawater isotope - salinity gradients in the ocean.
Northeast BC experienced a dry winter with low snow packs and these conditions are revealed as below normal to much below normal
precipitation amounts in January and March (seasonal values are shown in Figure 3a).
Not exact matches
The researchers do know that the presence of certain aerosols plays a large role
in the formation of ice that leads to
precipitation, but they also need to tease out the importance of that with other factors, like the
amount of available water vapor and vertical storm winds.
Climate change is likely to influence rainfall patterns
in the Sierra Nevada as well as the
amount of dust that makes its way into the atmosphere, so the hope is that a better understanding of how aerosols affect
precipitation will help water managers
in the future.
Carbon dioxide levels
in lakes are often high and vary widely from lake to lake based on factors such as the type of nearby ecosystem, land use such as agriculture, sizes of the lake and watershed,
amount of
precipitation, and because some types of soils and rocks absorb more CO2 than others.
In some tropical and subtropical regions it is more common to speak of the rainy (or wet, or monsoon) season versus the dry season, as the
amount of
precipitation may vary more dramatically than the average temperature.
Variations
in the thickness of the layers is determined by a combination of the
amount of water seeping into the cave and the concentration of carbon dioxide
in the cave's atmosphere so, when conditions are right, they can provide a measure of how the
amount of
precipitation above the cave varies over time.
It turns out that the steady dripping of water deep underground can reveal a surprising
amount of information about the constantly changing cycles of heat and cold,
precipitation and drought
in the turbulent atmosphere above.
«
In general, the amount of precipitation is increasing but also the kind of precipitation is changing,» said McFadden, an associate professor in UCSB's Department of Geograph
In general, the
amount of
precipitation is increasing but also the kind of
precipitation is changing,» said McFadden, an associate professor
in UCSB's Department of Geograph
in UCSB's Department of Geography.
Experiments Prather and her team conducted
in California's Sierra Nevada produced the first conclusive evidence that dust aerosols can change the
amount of
precipitation produced by clouds.
In particular, human - induced aerosols like soot and combustion particulates actually work the opposite, reducing the
amount of
precipitation clouds can form.
The Midwest has seen a 37 percent increase
in the
amount of rain falling
in heavy
precipitation events since the late 1950s, the second - highest increase
in the U.S. over that period.
Clouds alter the
amount of sunlight, or radiation, that can reach Earth, affecting Earth's energy balance, and
in some areas can lead to
precipitation.
They then used a crop model to simulate daily water requirements for various crops, driven by the researchers» modeled projections of
precipitation and temperature, and compared these requirements with the
amount of water predicted to be available for irrigation
in a particular basin through the year 2050.
Cyanobacteria are involved
in the
precipitation of calcium carbonate
in the sea, but they would have needed an enormous
amount of iron to do their work.
By analyzing data from 270 monitoring sites around the country, Zhang and his colleagues found that the
amount of nitrogen deposition, as measured
in precipitation, had increased by 60 % — or 8 kilograms per hectare per year — between 1980 and 2010.
Fueled by tropical moisture drawn north and pinned over the area by a stalled weather pattern, the
amount of
precipitation between Sept. 9 and 15
in some areas was more than what typically falls
in an entire year.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have found that major flooding and large
amounts of
precipitation occur on 500 - year cycles
in central China.
The predictions matched actual rainfall measurements during the 75 - year period, both
in the magnitude (
amount) and the trend (increase or decrease) of
precipitation.
The
amount of
precipitation in the White Mountains has steadily increased
in the period from 1900 to 2000, but the increase does not seem to have been sufficient to stimulate the growth of trees below the tree line.
Lower
amounts in that month could come as a result of a decrease
in the
amount of snow, he said, because
precipitation will come as rain instead of snow.
The records showed that
precipitation and temperature patterns had hardly fluctuated during the period, meaning that the
amount of water flowing into the lake from nearby streams is likely the same today as it was
in 1847.
But beyond the increased
amount of
precipitation, Wehner adds, «this study more generally increases our understanding of how the various processes
in extreme storms can change as the overall climate warms.»
They compared the
amount of water flowing into the lake from rivers,
precipitation, and groundwater to the
amount evaporating out of the lake; if the lake stayed the same size, the water
in and out should balance.
Why It Matters: On average, atmospheric rivers hit the western United States only a few times each winter, but they transport significant
amounts of moisture that converges
in the mountains producing heavy
precipitation.
In locations that are accustomed to getting snow during the winter, the total
amount of snow each year is already decreasing as the planet warms from increasing greenhouse gases; the percentage of
precipitation falling as snow is on the decline, with more of it falling as rain.
When low - temperature ice covers the Arctic Ocean there is little evaporation or sublimation and the polar regions are quite dry
in terms of
precipitation, comparable to the
amount found
in mid-latitude deserts.
Precipitation amounts drop slightly
in the summer months, but remain relatively high as the North American Monsoon takes hold sometime between June and August.
The frequency and
amount of
precipitation falling
in intense events are underestimated.
I was very interested
in getting the
precipitation amounts, locations and frequency, intensity, times, weird rains correct to get the runoff simulated.
Graph the number of cloudy, snowy, rainy days and / or the
amount of
precipitation reported
in the local newspaper or on a weather site.
The average
amount of
precipitation for the year
in Anacapa Island is 11.5» (292.1 mm).
The rainstorm which resulted
in the highest
amount of
precipitation which ever hit Lanzarote
in one day
in September took place on September 20th 1984, with 11.3 l / m2 of rainfall.
The rainstorm which resulted
in the highest
amount of
precipitation ever to hit Lanzarote
in one single day
in November took place on November 25th 1989, when the island received 49.3 l / m2 of rainfall
in one day.
We know that
precipitation intensity has been increasing (the
amount of rain that falls
in the most intense events) across the northern hemisphere — this was clear
in the literature even before the Pall et al paper.
In addition to adding mass to a glacier,
precipitation has an indirect effect on glacier mass balance by changing the
amount of sunlight the glacier absorbs.
In other words, there is a tendency for rarer 1 - day annual extreme precipitation amounts to occur later in the temporal recor
In other words, there is a tendency for rarer 1 - day annual extreme
precipitation amounts to occur later
in the temporal recor
in the temporal record.
Susan Anderson's NYT link: «The flooding
in Louisiana is the eighth event since May of last year
in which the
amount of rainfall
in an area
in a specified window of time matches or exceeds the NOAA predictions for an
amount of
precipitation that will occur once every five hundred years, or has a 0.2 percent chance of occurring
in any given year.»
In Relationships between Water Vapor Path and Precipitation over the Tropical Oceans, Bretherton et al showed that although the Western Pacific warmer surface waters increased the water in the atmosphere compared to the Eastern Pacific, rainfall was lower in the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amount
In Relationships between Water Vapor Path and
Precipitation over the Tropical Oceans, Bretherton et al showed that although the Western Pacific warmer surface waters increased the water
in the atmosphere compared to the Eastern Pacific, rainfall was lower in the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amount
in the atmosphere compared to the Eastern Pacific, rainfall was lower
in the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amount
in the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal
amounts of water vapor
in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amount
in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day
in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amount
in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day
in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amount
in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor
amounts.
Indeed, snowfall is often predicted to increase
in many regions
in response to anthropogenic climate change, since warmer air, all other things being equal, holds more moisture, and therefore, the potential for greater
amounts of
precipitation whatever form that
precipitation takes.
About item (1), the
amounts which melt and refreeze
in the Arctic give an impression of the relative
amounts involved, where an increase of
precipitation is marginal, compared to the the masses involved.
The
amount of water per day you need to dump on your pigs stands
in for
precipitation.
From recent research, I would suggest that this is entirely plausible; I could cite several examples of substantial increases (runoff, glacier melt,
precipitation, sea - ice loss) which, collectively,
amount to a real net increase
in the Arctic freshwater budget.
First, the burning of coal emits huge
amounts of mercury into the air, which winds up
in America's lakes, rivers and streams through
precipitation.
It acquires some moisture
in its passage across the Mediterranean Sea but it is still usually too dry to produce any significant
amounts of
precipitation.
Glaciers and snowpack, the key cryospheric components of high mountain systems, are sensitive to increases
in temperature, shifting atmospheric circulation patterns, and varying
amounts and forms of
precipitation.
Percent changes
in the
amount of
precipitation falling
in very heavy events (defined as the heaviest 1 percent of events) from 1958 to 2012 show a clear national trend toward a greater
amount of
precipitation being concentrated
in very heavy events.
Long - term trends
in precipitation amounts from 1900 to 2005 have been observed
in many large regions (Figure TS.9).