The AMO has been linked to multi-year
precipitation anomalies over North America, and appears to modulate ENSO teleconnections (Enfield et al., 2001; McCabe et al., 2004; Shabbar and Skinner, 2004).
Analysis showed that the AMV warming drives a modification of the Walker Circulation that creates
precipitation anomalies over the whole tropical belt.
The AMO has been linked to multi-year
precipitation anomalies over North America, and appears to modulate ENSO teleconnections (Enfield et al., 2001; McCabe et al., 2004; Shabbar and Skinner, 2004).
The higher resolution of E-OBS shows a large positive
precipitation anomaly over the Alps and the satellite soil moisture product shows above average soil moisture for a larger region than ERA - Interim.
Not exact matches
The westerlies in the Northern Hemisphere, which increased from the 1960s to the 1990s but which have since returned to about normal as part of NAO and NAM changes, alter the flow from oceans to continents and are a major cause of the observed changes in winter storm tracks and related patterns of
precipitation and temperature
anomalies, especially
over Europe.
One can see that during La Nina events (in which case you mentally reverse the
anomalies shown in the image), there is net convergence
over the western Pacific which results in increased cloud cover and
precipitation.
southern oscillation a large - scale atmospheric and hydrospheric fluctuation centered in the equatorial Pacific Ocean; exhibits a nearly annual pressure
anomaly, alternatively high
over the Indian Ocean and high
over the South Pacific; its period is slightly variable, averaging 2.33 years; the variation in pressure is accompanied by variations in wind strengths, ocean currents, sea - surface temperatures, and
precipitation in the surrounding areas
To name just a few of the climate impacts of the annular modes: the NAM is associated with large
anomalies in surface temperatures and
precipitation across North American and Eurasia, in the distribution of sea - ice throughout the Arctic, in sea - surface temperatures
over the North Atlantic, and in the spatial distribution ozone in the lower stratosphere.
In particular, a stronger southern center - of - action of the NAO (i.e., a stronger high pressure
anomaly) and a northward shift of the SLP dipole nodal line is associated with greater
precipitation deficits
over southern and central Europe; and a southward shift of the nodal line accompanied by stronger anomalous westerly flow across northern Europe and Russia favors enhanced
precipitation and warming in these regions (Fig. 4).
Running four - month averages of
anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for
precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.
Over ocean stretches with a positive SST
anomaly air convection is higher (as the temperature difference between the warm sea surface and the cool air higher up in the troposphere is greater), so a higher likelihood for the formation of depressions exists and more
precipitation is to be expected.
Running four - month averages of
anomalies over land areas for NE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for
precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.
Running four - month averages of
anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for
precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.
Running four - month averages of
anomalies over land areas for NW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for
precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.
The best way to envision the relation between ENSO and
precipitation over East Africa is to regard the Indian Ocean as a mirror of the Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature
anomalies [much like the Western Hemisphere Warm Pool creates such a SST mirror with the Atlantic Ocean too]: during a La Niña episode, waters in the eastern Pacific are relatively cool as strong trade winds blow the tropically Sun - warmed waters far towards the west.
When averaging
over the whole domain, the annually averaged
precipitation anomaly is small at -0.02 mm / day, just slightly below average.
This report discusses our current understanding of the mechanisms that link declines in Arctic sea ice cover, loss of high - latitude snow cover, changes in Arctic - region energy fluxes, atmospheric circulation patterns, and the occurrence of extreme weather events; possible implications of more severe loss of summer Arctic sea ice upon weather patterns at lower latitudes; major gaps in our understanding, and observational and / or modeling efforts that are needed to fill those gaps; and current opportunities and limitations for using Arctic sea ice predictions to assess the risk of temperature /
precipitation anomalies and extreme weather events
over northern continents.
Over the past few decades, warming temperatures have been linked to changes in the percentage of
precipitation falling as rain or snow, and snow melt
anomalies showing a trend towards earlier and faster stream flow.
The same should be true for climate change we should evaluate the changes in temperature (not
anomalies)
over time at the same stations and present the data as a spaghetti graph showing any differing trends and not assume that regional or climates in gridded areas are the same — which they are not as is obvious from the climate zones that exist or microclimates due to changes in
precipitation, land use etc..
The associated
precipitation anomalies include above - average totals in the Gulf of Alaska extending into the Pacific Northwestern United States, and below - average totals
over the upper Midwestern United States.
Running four - month averages of
anomalies over land areas for NE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for
precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.
Running four - month averages of
anomalies over land areas for NW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for
precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.
Running four - month averages of
anomalies over land areas for SE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for
precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.
Running four - month averages of
anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for
precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.