Sentences with phrase «precipitation decreases by»

The yellow areas in figure 4 indicate those regions where precipitation decreases by 10 per cent or more, at least 66 per cent of the models agree on the sign of the change and all models project a temperature rise of 6 °C or more.

Not exact matches

It also caused a decrease in precipitation by approximately 70 - 85 percent on land and a decrease of approximately 5 - 7 °C in seawater temperature at a 50 - m water depth, leading to mass extinction of life forms including dinosaurs and ammonites.

Future modeling may explain some of the study's seemingly paradoxical findings, including the fact that, even as fires decreased by 2 to 7 percent each year from 2006 to 2013, precipitation during those years did not increase proportionately.

The same change, if driven by winter precipitation, would require about a 25 % decrease in local precipitation at this site.

Average winter precipitation has decreased by 0.9 inches (2.3 cm), which can mostly be attributed to natural variability and an increase in El Niño events, especially in the western and central parts of the state.

The likelihood of precipitation making an appearance at this time of year starts off at 1.1 % on March 1st and gradually decreases down to 0.7 % by March 24th, before it rises up to 0.9 % by March 31st.

As the month goes on, the probability of precipitation at some point during the day decreases from 61 % on February 1st down to 56 % by February 28th.

In this estimate, only 4.2 mm per month of liquid water equivalent are due to the mass added by enhanced precipitation; the vast majority of the effect (72 mm per month of decreased ablation) is due to the effect of precipitation on reflectivity.

For example, [Kruss 1983] has this to say about the Lewis glacier on Mt. Kenya: «A decrease in the annual precipitation on the order of 150 mm in the last quarter of the 19th century, followed by a secular air temperature rise of a few tenths of a degree centigrade during the first half of the 20th century, together with associated albedo and cloudiness variation, constitute the most likely cause of the Lewis Glacier wastage during the last 100 years.»

Greater precipitation implying greater biomass for rice and wheat, although this will be largely offset by decreased nutritional value.

Under such conditions, you'd still have active hurricane seasons, but the overall average strength and associated precipitation would be decreased by some fraction.

In the Northeast, «Communities are affected by heat waves, more extreme precipitation events, and coastal flooding due to sea level rise and storm surge,» for example, while in the Southeast and Caribbean, «Decreased water availability, exacerbated by population growth and land - use change, causes increased competition for water.

In commenting on their findings, the three researchers write that «the large number of stable glacier termini and glacier advances is influenced by positive glacier mass balances in the central Karakoram during the last decade,» citing Gardelle et al. (2012, 2013) and Kaab et al. (2012), which they indicate is «induced by increasing winter precipitation and decreasing summer temperatures since the 1960s,» citing Archer and Fowler (2004), Williams and Ferrigno (2010), Bolch et al. (2012), Yao et al. (2012) and Bocchiola and Diolaiuti (2013).

As for how this could be — and in light of the findings of the references listed above — Rankl et al. reasoned that «considering increasing precipitation in winter and decreasing summer mean and minimum temperatures across the upper Indus Basin since the 1960s,» plus the «short response times of small glaciers,» it is only logical to conclude that these facts «suggest a shift from negative to balanced or positive mass budgets in the 1980s or 1990s or even earlier, induced by changing climatic conditions since the 1960s.»

North and northwest China, where the average annual precipitation has decreased by one third between the 1950s and the 1980s, 2 has been experiencing just such a desiccation process.

2: Our Changing Climate, Key Message 5).2 Regional climate models (RCMs) using the same emissions scenario also project increased spring precipitation (9 % in 2041 - 2062 relative to 1979 - 2000) and decreased summer precipitation (by an average of about 8 % in 2041 - 2062 relative to 1979 - 2000) particularly in the southern portions of the Midwest.12 Increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation are projected across the entire region in both GCM and RCM simulations (Figure 18.6), and these increases are generally larger than the projected changes in average precipitation.12, 2

Evidence that extreme precipitation is increasing is based primarily on analysis1, 2,3 of hourly and daily precipitation observations from the U.S. Cooperative Observer Network, and is supported by observed increases in atmospheric water vapor.4 Recent publications have projected an increase in extreme precipitation events, 1,5 with some areas getting larger increases6 and some getting decreases.7, 2

Water levels are influenced by the amount of evaporation from decreased ice cover and warmer air temperatures, by evapotranspiration from warmer air temperatures, and by potential increases in inflow from more precipitation.

The absolute humidity will be largely set by the oceans, so water vapor and will increase but relative humidity over land will largely decrease, resulting in less precipitation than one would otherwise expect, given Clausius - Clapeyron and a constant residence time.

This can be affected by warming temperatures, but also by changes in snowfall, increases in solar radiation absorption due to a decrease in cloud cover, and increases in the water vapor content of air near the earth's surface.2, 14,15,16,17 In Cordillera Blanca, Peru, for example, one study of glacier retreat between 1930 and 1950 linked the retreat to a decline in cloud cover and precipitation.18

Glacier runoff does not increase or decrease the long term runoff for a basin, total runoff over a period of several years is determined largely by annual precipitation.

Even in areas where precipitation does not decrease, these increases in surface evaporation and loss of water from plants lead to more rapid drying of soils if the effects of higher temperatures are not offset by other changes (such as reduced wind speed or increased humidity).5 As soil dries out, a larger proportion of the incoming heat from the sun goes into heating the soil and adjacent air rather than evaporating its moisture, resulting in hotter summers under drier climatic conditions.6

While SRM is seen by many as the «safest» and cheapest of the geoengineering proposals to date, there are risks, including a decrease in precipitation and evaporation.

We conclude by underlining that the observed variation of glacier surface and SLA changes could be explained by the increase of temperature and decrease of precipitation in recent years.

The number of stations reflecting a locally significant increase in the proportion of total annual precipitation occurring in the upper five percentiles of daily precipitation totals outweighs the number of stations with significantly decreasing trends by more than 3 to 1 (Figure 2.36 c).

Drought is expected to increase in frequency and severity in the future as a result of climate change, mainly as a consequence of decreases in regional precipitation but also because of increasing evaporation driven by global warming1 — 3.

Temporarily increased rates of lime deposition by fertilization are completely offset over the long - term by decreased CO2 uptake into the ocean and lower rates of precipitation of limestone by coral reefs, etc..

In our simulations, when precipitation fell below average, the trees quickly shed foliage to adapt to the drier conditions, and tree vigor was negatively affected by the sudden drop in leaf area as indicated by the decrease in the following year's GE (ratio of change in the change in LAI to stem diameter).

Projected temperature would increase by 2050 by about 2 °C above the current level (a warming similar to that predicted by the ensemble mean of the CMIP5 simulations) and precipitation would decrease by an additional 30 % compared to the current conditions.

While the HadCM3 - projected mean annual precipitation during 2070 to 2099 at El Reno, Oklahoma, decreased by 13.6 %, 7.2 %, and 6.2 % for A2, B2, and GGa1, respectively, the predicted erosion (except for the no - till conservation practice scenario) increased by 18 - 30 % for A2, remained similar for B2, and increased by 67 - 82 % for GGa1.

Using a simple physical model, O'Gorman suggests that this is due to the balance between two competing effects caused by the warming: increasing moisture available for humidity and the decreases in the fraction of precipitation that falls as snow.

Efforts to offset declining surface water availability due to increasing precipitation variability will be hampered by the fact that groundwater recharge will decrease considerably in some already water - stressed regions (high confidence)[3.2, 3.4.2], where vulnerability is often exacerbated by the rapid increase in population and water demand (very high confidence)[3.5.1].

«For the high emissions scenario, it is likely that the frequency of hot days will increase by a factor of 10 in most regions of the world», said Thomas Stocker the other Co-chair of Working Group I. «Likewise, heavy precipitation will occur more often, and the wind speed of tropical cyclones will increase while their number will likely remain constant or decrease».

Decreases in summer precipitation by up to 30 percent are expected across Germany by 2080, potentially leading to problematic heat and drought conditions in some areas and resulting in reduced crop yields and poor harvest quality.

Increases in woody cover were associated with low population growth, and were driven by increases in CO2 in the humid zones and by increases in precipitation in drylands, whereas decreases in woody cover were associated with high population growth.

However, no anthropogenic influence can be detected for 1 - day and 3 - day surface runoff, as increases in extreme precipitation in the present - day climate are offset by decreased snow cover and lower frozen water content in soils during the May — June transition months, compared to pre-industrial climate.

It is perfectly conceivable, for example, to have annual precipitation increase 10 to 20 % at the same time that mean annual surface water runoff decreases by 10 to 20 % (or even more).

Several studies focused on the Colorado River basin showed that annual runoff reductions in a warmer western U.S. climate occur through a combination of evapotranspiration increases and precipitation decreases, with the overall reduction in river flow exacerbated by human demands on the water supply.

In the tropics, an increase in precipitation is projected by the end of the 21st century in the Asian monsoon and the southern part of the West African monsoon with some decreases in the Sahel in northern summer (Cook and Vizy, 2006), as well as increases in the Australian monsoon in southern summer in a warmer climate (Figure 10.9).

Although these hydrological changes could potentially increase soil water availability in previously snow - covered regions during the cool low - ET season (34), this effect would likely be outweighed by the influence of warming temperatures (and decreased runoff) during the warm high - ET season (36, 38), as well as by the increasing occurrence of consecutive years with low precipitation and high temperature (Fig. 4A).

It appears that forests in the Amazon, at least in the central and eastern regions, may be rendered vulnerable to collapse either by increases of Potential Evaporation (PE, by increasing temperature or sunlight) or decreasing precipitation (Pc).

The retreat has been most noticeable at high elevations, driven in large part by warming temperatures contributing directly to melting and indirectly to more precipitation falling as rain rather than snow, in turn increasing the rate at which the glaciers move and increasing the size of glacial lakes, both decreasing ice cover.

«Indeed it is estimated that annual mean temperature has increased by over 2 °C during the last 70 years and precipitation has decreased in most regions, except the western part of the country, indicating that Mongolia is among the most vulnerable nations in the world to global warming.»

In addition, during JJA, Southern Europe and the adjacent part of Central Asia are projected to warm by 6 — 8 °C, together with a decrease in precipitation of 10 per cent or more.

Although tropical precipitation change remains uncertain, nearly all models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 predict a strengthening zonal precipitation asymmetry by 2100, with relative increases over Asian and African tropical forests and decreases over South American forests.

The total area (land and ocean) where precipitation decreases is also larger in the high - end models than in the non-high-end models, by 14 per cent in DJF and 7 per cent in JJA.

Increasing zonal asymmetry in tropical precipitation is projected by 2100, with increases over Asian and African forests and decreases over South American forests.

A new report by the Norwegian met office shows that precipitation in Europe has become more severe and more frequent, that winter rainfall has decreased over southern Europe and the Middle East and that there are more and longer heatwaves and fewer extremely cold days and nights.

In Central America, the projected time - averaged precipitation decrease is accompanied by more frequent dry extremes in all seasons.