Sentences with phrase «precipitation over land increases»

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Is it the case that evaporation will increase primarily over land while precipitation will rise mostly over oceans?

Precipitation has generally increased over land north of 30 ° N over the period 1900 to 2005 but downward trends dominate the tropics since the 1970s.

With higher precipitation, portions of this snow may not melt during the summer and so glacial ice can form at lower altitudes and more southerly latitudes, reducing the temperatures over land by increased albedo as noted above.

«We show that at the present - day warming of 0.85 °C about 18 % of the moderate daily precipitation extremes over land are attributable to the observed temperature increase since pre-industrial times, which in turn primarily results from human influence,» the research team said.

Half the increase in urban land across the world over the next 20 years will occur in Asia, with the most extensive change expected to take place in India and China Urban areas modify their local and regional climate through the urban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecos...

It is reasonable to assume that the freshwater input will continue to increase in the future because the earth is warming, causing increasing ice melt and increased precipitation (both over ocean and over land, which yields larger river runoff to the ocean).

Understanding past changes in the characteristics of such events, including recent increases in the intensity of heavy precipitation events over a large part of the Northern Hemisphere land area (3 — 5), is critical for reliable projections of future changes.

The related «News and Views» commentary by Richard P. Allan of the University of Reading expressed the findings well, saying the authors «provide evidence that human - induced increases in greenhouse - gas concentrations led to the intensification of heavy precipitation events over large swathes of land in the Northern Hemisphere during the latter half of the twentieth century.»

The net change over land accounts for 24 % of the global mean increase in precipitation, a little less than the areal proportion of land (29 %).

Tropical land - surface precipitation measurements indicate that precipitation likely has increased by about 0.2 to 0.3 % / decade over the 20th century, but increases are not evident over the past few decades and the amount of tropical land (versus ocean) area for the latitudes 10 ° N to 10 ° S is relatively small.

Averaged over the mid-latitude land areas of the Northern Hemisphere, precipitation has increased since 1901 (medium confidence before and high confidence after 1951).

Since the time of the SAR, annual land precipitation has continued to increase in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (very likely to be 0.5 to 1 % / decade), except over Eastern Asia.

The main dynamical driver of the monsoon is therefore the positive moisture - advection feedback (Fig. 1 A): The release of latent heat from precipitation over land adds to the temperature difference between land and ocean, thus driving stronger winds from ocean to land and increasing in this way landward advection of moisture, which leads to enhanced precipitation and associated release of latent heat.

The absolute humidity will be largely set by the oceans, so water vapor and will increase but relative humidity over land will largely decrease, resulting in less precipitation than one would otherwise expect, given Clausius - Clapeyron and a constant residence time.

An observed consequence of higher water vapor concentrations is the increased frequency of intense precipitation events, mainly over land areas.

I conclude that the observed global aridity changes up to 2010 are consistent with model predictions, which suggest severe and widespread droughts in the next 30 — 90 years over many land areas resulting from either decreased precipitation and / or increased evaporation.

Average precipitation is changing in many regions with both increases and decreases and there is a general tendency for increases in extreme precipitation observed over land areas.

Precipitation observations over land show the expected general increase of precipitation poleward of the subtropics and decrease at lower latitudPrecipitation observations over land show the expected general increase of precipitation poleward of the subtropics and decrease at lower latitudprecipitation poleward of the subtropics and decrease at lower latitudes [1], [26].

Along with increasing temperatures over all regions of the U.S., the pattern of precipitation change is one of general increases at higher northern latitudes and drying in the tropics and subtropics over land.

It is likely that the number of heavy precipitation events over land has increased in more regions than it has decreased in since the mid-20th century.

In particular, over NH land, an increase in the likelihood of very wet winters is projected over much of central and northern Europe due to the increase in intense precipitation during storm events, suggesting an increased chance of flooding over Europe and other mid-latitude regions due to more intense rainfall and snowfall events producing more runoff.

Anthropogenic influences have contributed to observed increases in atmospheric moisture content in the atmosphere (medium confidence), to global - scale changes in precipitation patterns over land (medium confidence), to intensification of heavy precipitation over land regions where data are sufficient (medium confidence), and to changes in surface and subsurface ocean salinity (very likely).

5 decades are consistent with the reported increasing trends in cloud cover and precipitation over many land areas and support the notion that the hydrologic cycle has intensified.»

The FLOR model has been used extensively to understand predictability, change and mechanisms of tropical cyclones (Vecchi et al. 2014), Arctic sea ice (Msadek et al. 2014), precipitation and temperature over land (Jia et al. 2015), drought (Delworth et al., 2015), extratropical storms (Yang et al. 2015), the Great Plains Low Level Jet (Krishnamurthy et al. 2015), and the global response to increasing greenhouse gases (Winton et al. 2014).

Indeed, rainfall data reveal significant increases of heavy precipitation over much of Northern Hemisphere land and in the tropics (27) and attribution studies link this intensification of rainfall and floods to human - made global warming (28 ⇓ — 30).

Precipitation increased over most other land areas, showing that, generally, rainfall decreased over dry areas but increased over wetter areas.

There is medium confidence for a detectable human contribution to past observed increases in heavy precipitation in general over global land regions with adequate coverage for analysis (e.g., IPCC AR5) and over the United States (Easterling et al. 2017), although an anthropogenic influence has not been formally detected for hurricane precipitation alone.

The study, based on a computer model used to simulate rainfall under different land - use conditions, found that cutting down tropical forests in West Africa reduces precipitation over neighboring forest areas by about 50 percent due to increased temperatures over cropland areas.

The largest increase in precipitation will occur over land in the tropics where the atmosphere is warming quickest.