Sentences with phrase «precipitation over the region»

Not exact matches

The warm ocean water evaporates, adds moisture to the air and falls as precipitation over nearby regions.

In this region, the average temperature has risen 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) in the last 50 years and the average precipitation has risen by 2.1 inches per year over the past 25 years.

«During an El Niño, there are «anomalous» patterns of temperature, precipitation and drought over many regions of the Earth.

In Germany, where the rains fell over a shorter period, they examined the one - day maximum precipitation for the hardest hit region, while for France, where rains were longer - lasting and more widespread, they looked at the three - day averaged precipitation for the Seine and Loire river valleys.

An increased risk of intense, short - duration rainfall events in mid-latitude regions has been predicted consistently for well over a decade as part of the pattern of human influence on precipitation.

Overall, the region expects to receive an average of 70 mm of precipitation over a period of 21 days.

«Heavy precipitation events have increased in several regions in Europe over recent decades, in particular in northern and north ‐ eastern Europe.»

-- It is likely that the frequency of heavy precipitation will increase in the 21st century over many regions.

While glacier melt contributes water to the region's rivers and streams, retreating glaciers over the next several decades are unlikely to cause significant change in water availability at lower elevations, which depend primarily on monsoon precipitation and snowmelt, the committee said.

Decreases in precipitation over many subtropical areas are evident in the multi-model ensemble mean, and consistency in the sign of change among the models is often high (Wang, 2005), particularly in some regions like the tropical Central American - Caribbean (Neelin et al., 2006).

The precipitation has intensified over a very large region and the barometric pressure of the storm's center has dropped from 995 to 983 mb.

Snowfall varies across the region, comprising less than 10 % of total precipitation in the south, to more than half in the north, with as much as two inches of water available in the snowpack at the beginning of spring melt in the northern reaches of the river basins.81 When this amount of snowmelt is combined with heavy rainfall, the resulting flooding can be widespread and catastrophic (see «Cedar Rapids: A Tale of Vulnerability and Response»).82 Historical observations indicate declines in the frequency of high magnitude snowfall years over much of the Midwest, 83 but an increase in lake effect snowfall.61 These divergent trends and their inverse relationships with air temperatures make overall projections of regional impacts of the associated snowmelt extremely difficult.

For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold season since 1950,1 with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased in number during the last century in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15 Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased in southern and some western areas, 16 increased in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier in the year and more precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing in frequency in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. in some years, with little snow in other years, are consistent with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remains an active research area.

Although previous studies have offered a general global overview of water circulation between the oceans and land, this traditional two - region model does not take into account the considerable precipitation that occurs over tropical coastal regions, including the Indonesian maritime continent, the Indian subcontinent, and the Bay of Bengal.

While there was no apparent change in drought duration in the Midwest region as a whole over the past century, 90 the average number of days without precipitation is projected to increase in the future.

This process prevents the land — atmosphere system from sustaining precipitation over the same region and thus acts against drought or the formation of desert.

The distinct difference between winter and summer wind and precipitation patterns is what characterises the monsoon over this region.

On extreme precipitation events over mid-latitude landmass and wet tropical regions becoming more intense and frequent, the CLAs clarified that the assessment was based on more than the RCPs, and that the conclusion was generally true for all these regions.

While the Amazon dries out parts of the eastern Sahara and eastern Sahel regions might actually see an increase in precipitation, due to northward meanders of the ITCZ over that region.

''... the traditional dynamic downscaling (TDD)[i.e. without tuning) overestimates precipitation by 0.5 - 1.5 mm d - 1... The 2 - year return level of summer daily maximum temperature simulated by the TDD is underestimated by 2 - 6 °C over the central United States - Canada region».

The report, written by 220 experts from 62 countries, finds that climate change has already contributed to changes in extreme events — such as heat waves, high temperatures, and heavy precipitation — in many regions over the past 50 years.

• «Average autumn precipitation has increased by 30 percent for the region since 1901; heavy downpours have increased in many parts of the region, and the percentage of the region experiencing moderate to severe drought has risen over the past three decades.»

For example, simulation 25 depicts smaller precipitation reductions over the Mediterranean region compared to simulation 14, consistent with the weaker SLP amplitude over the southern center - of - action (Fig. 3f, h).

The magnitude (and in some regions, even the sign) of the projected temperature and precipitation trends over Europe, Russia and parts of the Middle East vary considerably across the ensemble depending on the evolution of the NAO in each individual member.

In particular, a stronger southern center - of - action of the NAO (i.e., a stronger high pressure anomaly) and a northward shift of the SLP dipole nodal line is associated with greater precipitation deficits over southern and central Europe; and a southward shift of the nodal line accompanied by stronger anomalous westerly flow across northern Europe and Russia favors enhanced precipitation and warming in these regions (Fig. 4).

The averages for the last 12 months show dry conditions over most regions within a large belt stretching across parts of both Europe and Asia, with below average precipitation and soil moisture and much below average relative humidity, starting in south - western Europe and ending near Japan.

[20] In the US southern climatic region (which extends from Mississippi through Texas) the number of daily heavy precipitation events has increased by 25 percent over the long - term average, and tropical cyclones contributed 48 percent of that increase.

Average precipitation is changing in many regions with both increases and decreases and there is a general tendency for increases in extreme precipitation observed over land areas.

The robustly project increased moisture flux convergence and precipitation in the pan-Arctic region over the 21st century, as did their AR4 counterparts (Kattsov et al., 2007; Rawlins et al., 2010 Then we get: since nearly all models project a large precipitation increase rising above the variability year - round, it is likely the pan-Arctic region will experience a statistically - significant increase in precipitation by mid-century.

It's a mode of natural variation in the tropical eastern Pacific ocean which is indicated by sea surface temperature in that region, as well as patterns of atmospheric pressure, surface winds over the ocean, even precipitation over a much larger region.

The larger decrease seen when ERA - Interim has complete coverage must be viewed with some caution, as the drying comes from areas for which HadISDH does not find suitable station data and for a region where ERA - Interim precipitation has a questionable decrease over time.

2: Our Changing Climate, Key Messages 5 and 6).4, 10 A range of model projections for the end of this century under a higher emissions scenario (A2), averaged over the region, suggests about 5 % to 20 % (25th to 75th percentile of model projections) increases in winter precipitation.

The higher resolution of E-OBS shows a large positive precipitation anomaly over the Alps and the satellite soil moisture product shows above average soil moisture for a larger region than ERA - Interim.

We find that the reported discrepancy can be traced to two main issues: (1) unforced internal climate variability strongly affects local wetness and dryness trends and can obscure underlying agreement with WWDD, and (2) dry land regions are not constrained to become drier by enhanced moisture divergence since evaporation can not exceed precipitation over multiannual time scales.

Also, I would imagine it is very difficult at the moment to calculate the total volume of precipitation of rainfall over a region.

Along with increasing temperatures over all regions of the U.S., the pattern of precipitation change is one of general increases at higher northern latitudes and drying in the tropics and subtropics over land.

When the model precipitation is brought to closer agreement with the observations, the AGCM accurately estimates dust loading over the Caribbean region, suggesting that rainfall errors cause the overestimation of wet deposition over the Atlantic.

Increases in heavy precipitation have probably also occurred over this time, but vary by region.

It would be straightforward to test this with modeling by calculating the pressure change over a region due to the hydrostatic pressure changes due to the removal of precipitable water by precipitation.

It is likely that the number of heavy precipitation events over land has increased in more regions than it has decreased in since the mid-20th century.

This report discusses our current understanding of the mechanisms that link declines in Arctic sea ice cover, loss of high - latitude snow cover, changes in Arctic - region energy fluxes, atmospheric circulation patterns, and the occurrence of extreme weather events; possible implications of more severe loss of summer Arctic sea ice upon weather patterns at lower latitudes; major gaps in our understanding, and observational and / or modeling efforts that are needed to fill those gaps; and current opportunities and limitations for using Arctic sea ice predictions to assess the risk of temperature / precipitation anomalies and extreme weather events over northern continents.

the composite or generally prevailing WEATHER CONDITIONS of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years.

The projections also indicate an increase in the basin - averaged precipitation and an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events over the region as a whole.

Specifically, in the simulations we record daily surface temperature, precipitation, 500hPa geopotential height and surface winds over the Atlantic - European region.

A radical meteorology theory argues that loss of forest, both in temperate and tropical regions, will lead to less precipitation over...

In particular, over NH land, an increase in the likelihood of very wet winters is projected over much of central and northern Europe due to the increase in intense precipitation during storm events, suggesting an increased chance of flooding over Europe and other mid-latitude regions due to more intense rainfall and snowfall events producing more runoff.

climatology, climates 1: a region of the earth having specified climatic conditions2 a: the average course or condition of the weather at a place usually over a period of years as exhibited by temperature, wind velocity, and precipitation b: the prevailing set of conditions (as of temperature and humidity) indoors < a climate - controlled office > 3: the prevailing influence or environmental conditions characterizing a group or period: atmosphere < a climate of fear >

The proximal cause of the precipitation deficits was the recurring poleward deflection of the cool - season storm track by a region of persistently high atmospheric pressure, which steered Pacific storms away from California over consecutive seasons (8 ⇓ ⇓ — 11).

Winter and early spring precipitation over western Himalayas primarily from WDs is vital to replenishment of water resources, winter crops, and flora and fauna of the region.

Even though some results are controversial, a consistent picture has emerged for the mid-Holocene, for which simulations produce reduced variability in precipitation over most ocean regions in the tropics (Liu et al., 2000; Braconnot et al., 2004; Zhao et al., 2005).