But the development
of precise gene - editing techniques in recent years has brought fresh urgency to the issue.
Recently, the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) / Cas9 system has been demonstrated as an alternative strategy
for precise gene editing [6], [7].
Therefore, NHEJ repair can only be used to create short genomic deletions, but does not
support precise gene modification or the insertion and replacement of gene segments.
Harvard University geneticist George Church will lead efforts to develop
more precise gene - editing systems that distinguish between similar sequences.
Since long before it gained fame as
a precise gene - editing tool, CRISPR has had another job defending bacteria against viral invaders.
It can be inherited, although
the precise genes have not been identified.
But for a gene therapy to be effective, one must know
the precise gene responsible for a given individual's disorder and develop a tailored treatment.
Chromosomes are double - stained with different fluorescent substances (red and blue) for
the precise gene mapping.
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Precise gene - editing techniques could be used to tailor - make flies that express a patient's specific genetic mutation.
In 1990, Bell mapped MODY1, the gene responsible for the disease in this family, to a small region on chromosome 20, but did not pinpoint
the precise gene.
CRISPR is
a precise gene - editing tool that has potential to treat diseases in humans and animals.