Sentences with phrase «predation as»

One can also hypothesize that the environmental effects of the impact was simply another additive stress to hydrogeologically induced climate change and paleoindian predation as well.

These small schooling fish are seen to gather in the caves and tunnels of Eden Rock and Devils Grotto, which can harbor the nearly defenseless fish from predation as well as provide safe haven for spawning.

Many experts don't classify predation as aggression because its purpose is to obtain food — unlike other types of aggression, which are responses to conflict.

Compensatory and Additive Predation As I've discussed previously, even accurately predicted levels of predation can be deceptive.

Biologists also have used the studies from Marra, Temple, and a number of others to estimate the total U.S. death toll for birds due to cat predation as more than a billion per year.

Hanna and Cardillo also found that rats» impact was most pronounced on small mammals — those weighing less than 2.7 kilograms — although the scientists are unsure how much of this influence was due to direct predation as opposed to competition for food and other resources or disease spread.

That was three times as much bear predation as was found two decades earlier.

Ranchers have been especially vocal in opposing protection for the wolves, which they say are to blame for increased livestock predation as well as the decline in the region's elk herds in recent years.

In previous work, researchers had been unable to see predation as it happened within an animal.

The plants and animals and the earth itself are not co-conspirators in evil (as those who see predation as evil must logically claim) but are victims, sufferers of the consequences of human evil.

The same confusion leads many Christians to see sexual predation as bad because it involves sex rather than because it is predatory.

Not exact matches

«Harvey Weinstein's decades - long campaign of sexual predation — with the newest allegations of assault coming from actress Dominique Huett and Weinstein's former production assistant Mimi Haleyi — reveals that secrets are often deployed by the powerful as a tool to maintain control.

The laws of nature are valid but they» are not deterministic, they allow for freedom, and so for conflicts and frustrations that are not specifically providential (divine punishments, educational devices, or...) but are simply examples of creatures partly making themselves and one another, under the general guidance which insures that symbiosis and mutual helpfulness are as real as self - assertion and predation.

What at stake is not merely the logical possibility of a particular, limited situation, such as higher values without predation, or animals who need no food.

Both questions draw us back to the central propositions that establish the American constitutional order: that there is an order of rights antecedent to the state and that government is bound, as a condition of its legitimacy, to secure those rights against the predations of those who would deny or abolish them.

What Griffin seems to have in mind here, are worlds that would be radically different from the world as it actually exists — worlds in which, for Instance, beings capable of high - level intrinsic values exist without predation, 4 or in which we and other animals could have existed without requiring food.

to resolve wildlife damage issues, such as livestock predation, and 3.

There could he nothing like the ecosystem as we know it without extensive predation.

Many stone fruits» seeds, such as peaches, have larger seeds than apples, and their cyanide content (talk about a natural way to limit predation!)

«You can argue that the animals that are affected by rodenticide are weaker,» Thompson says, «and that the predation rates on them, as I suspect, are higher.»

Ecologist John Orrock, who studies how animals balance the need to protect themselves from predation with other needs, such as eating and mating, hatched the idea for this research when he was studying snails in a California grassland.

Although prey that had been unfamiliar with dangerous predators for as few as 50 to 130 years were highly vulnerable to initial encounters, behavioral adjustments to reduce predation transpired within a single generation.

Marshall suggests that it also emphasizes the importance of considering broader environmental contexts, such as predation risk, as well as the perceptual abilities of natural observers like predators in studies of animal behavior.

«It would also be great to apply this type of experiment to other questions, such as how different environments affect the amount of predation that prey animals experience.»

Though we often think of mammals in the order Carnivora as predators, many of these species are themselves subject to high rates of predation and, as such, have evolved a suite of antipredator defenses that tend to sort them into two quite different categories.

They found that species that have evolved noxious sprays as a defense, such as skunks, tend to be nocturnal and subject to predation by other mammals, whereas socially vigilant species, such as mongooses, tend to be diurnal and at risk of predation by birds of prey.

Homosexual mating is at least as risky as the heterosexual kind, expending sperm, wasting time that could go toward other activities, and boosting the risk of injury, disease, and predation.

As such, at the farthest spot — in the Arctic — predation was 1/8 that at the equator, the team reports today in Science.

In the animal world, strict rules are followed to deal with sources of contamination and potential dangers such as predation.

As a result, the quickest transformation was experienced by the populations without predation and interspecific competition species.

In doing so, he has ruled out three other competing theories involving clumsiness, predation, and the effects of bloating as seen in armadillo roadkills.

Because the flashy dominant males are more vulnerable to predation, whenever a boss fish disappears, a major battle ensues as non-dominant males fight to take over the vacant territory.

The regeneration cycle of plants includes processes that are beneficial to plants, such as pollination, seed dispersal and the recruitment of seedlings, as well as detrimental processes, such as seed predation and herbivory.

In contrast, the later processes of plant regeneration such as seed predation, recruitment and herbivory, were found to be less consistently affected by humans.

In some systems indirect effects of predation can also arise as a result of behavioral changes by prey in response to the threat of predation, which we will further explore in this chapter.

Ecologists Lauri Oksanen and Stephen Fretwell proposed that if we treat trophic levels as units, systems having four or more trophic levels may have more than one level representing predation.

I was also measuring predation risk, to see whether wolves and other predators influence elk movements by causing them to avoid areas with escape impediments, such as downed wood and thick brush.

Carcasses such as this one show how apex carnivore predation can support a wealth of species, from grizzlies to jays to coyotes.

In their model herbivory is greatest in relatively unproductive environments, with predation more important and the impact of herbivory reduced as ecosystem productivity increases.

Still others, such as conservation biologist Michael Soulé, believe that top - down versus bottom - up, like all dualisms, is false, because the natural world is complex and bottom - up forces (nutrient flow) interact with top - down forces (the effects of predation).

He found higher rates of nest predation in small woodlots near human communities because these areas had higher populations of raccoons (Procyon lotor) and squirrels (Sciurus spp.) and few, if any, large predators, such as cougars and bobcats (Lynx rufus).

Much like social insects, such as honey bees and wasps and social animals like birds and mammals who use alarm calls, when under predation, they are capable of generating a coordinated attack».

Wilcove wanted to test the effect of mesopredator release on songbird nest predation — what can be thought of as the empty nest hypothesis.

Focusing on just one aspect of lawlessness — sexual predation — the study has found that twice to three times as many sexual predators are flocking to the boom towns as to nearby tourist, ranching and farming communities.

On landscapes with both open and closed habitat structure, they may use a combined strategy of hiding in forest cover to lower predator encounter rates and seeking open terrain, such as grasslands, where predation risk may be reduced.

Most carcasses and the greatest amount of wolf sign, such as tracks and scat, occurred in thick forests, debris, ravines, and riverbanks, which I had characterized as high predation risk sites.

«Predator numbers were severely depleted in heavily fished areas, while smaller prey fish such as damselfish, and herbivores such as parrotfish, had increased greatly in number having been released from predation.»

The researchers believe the red squirrels acquired defenses against predation, such as better tree - climbing skills, as they coevolved with the pine marten, giving them a leg up on their non-native competition.

I made numerous explicit references to the harm done by invasives, such as the loss of valuable beta diversity and priceless native species through predation, disease, and ecosystem alteration.

Pegging the trend toward giant sizes to the Plio - Pleistocene ruled out other hypotheses such as the threat of predation by the huge shark megalodon — which had already been around for millions of years before the whales» growth spurt — or the advent of filter feeding, which had been around for more than 15 million years at that point.