Sentences with phrase «predatory pricing by»

First case under English law in which damages were sought under Articles 81 and 82 in respect of alleged predatory pricing by the members of two liner conferences during a price war in 1991.

The national court and parties refer to three alleged infringements of competition law: (i) abuse of dominance consisting in the system of reductions implemented by Riga Airport; (ii) an anticompetitive agreement between Riga Airport and Air Baltic; and (iii) abuse of dominance in the form of predatory pricing by Air Baltic.

Amazon practices predatory pricing by operating its business at break even.

Agency pricing, in which publishers set prices and booksellers take a fixed commission, promised to make it easier for small booksellers to compete by removing the threat of predatory pricing by retailing behemoths like Amazon.

Even if Amazon engaged in so - called predatory pricing by selling below cost, the solution is to go to court or appeal to Congress, Lande said.

Predatory pricing by major publishers are pricing their e-books almost 500 % more than the Kindle edition and libraries have had enough.

The Blunt Review noted that the majority of small businesses regarded section 49 as having been of no real assistance to them, noting that those seeking relief from price discrimination were generally seeking relief from predatory pricing by powerful firms.

The Western Australian government has called on its federal counterpart to beef up its Trade Practices Act (TPA) to help protect small business against predatory pricing by big business.

Not exact matches

While predatory pricing technically remains illegal, it is extremely difficult to win predatory pricing claims because courts now require proof that the alleged predator would be able to raise prices and recoup its losses.405 Revising predatory pricing doctrine to reflect the economics of platform markets, where firms can sink money for years given unlimited investor backing, would require abandoning the recoupment requirement in cases of below - cost pricing by dominant platforms.

Recognizing the threat of predatory pricing executed by Standard Oil, Congress passed a series of laws prohibiting such conduct.

This Act prohibited price discrimination by retailers among producers and by producers among retailers.63 Its aim was to prevent conglomerates and large companies from using their buyer power to extract crippling discounts from smaller entities, and to keep large manufacturers and retailers from teaming up against rivals.64 Like laws banning predatory pricing, the prohibition against price discrimination effectively curbed the power of size.

The company's dealings with the pharmacy are now under federal investigation, as are its drug - pricing policies, which have been described by lawmakers as predatory.

At the last minute the bill was amended to provide for a drastic new provision relating to predatory pricing (referred to as the «Birdsville amendment» after the pub in which it was supposedly conceived by Senator Barnaby Joyce).

Metcash chief executive Ian Morrice has called for a code of conduct for petrol retailers, saying «predatory» petrol pricing by the major supermarket chains should not be allowed to continue.

Changes to competition laws (milk wars discussion and recommendations relating to MMP (introduce effects test), predatory pricing (recommend Minister direct ACCC to investigate Coles for breach of s 46 relating to predatory pricing), unconscionable conduct (suggest it be defined), statutory duty of good faith, unfair contract terms (seeks «recognition of the competitive disadvantage faced by farmers» and extension of unfair contract terms protection to small business), collective bargaining (seeks relaxation of public interest test for boycott approvals in agriculture markets, increase «ability for peak bodies to commence and progress collective bargaining and boycott applications» on behalf of members - and further dairy specific recommendations, ACCC divestiture power (wants ACCC to have similar divestiture powers to Comp Commission in UK - «simpler process of divestiture», ACCC monitoring powers (wants Minister to direct ACCC to use price monitoring powers to «monitor prices, costs and profits relating to the supply of drinking milk») and mandatory code of conduct (wants mandatory code and «Ombudsman with teeth to ensure compliance»)-RRB-.

Zumbo then notes that the ACCC claims to have no evidence of predatory pricing (in the terms required by the Act) and then claims it is up to them to «get the evidence» [E58](the underlying assumption appears to be that it does exist, they just have not looked hard enough).

He stated: «Business model like Uber's - based on predatory pricing made possible by exploitation of drivers and multinational tax avoidance - is immoral.»

Torres, also endorsed by StreetsPAC, is well versed in a broad range of progressive issues — from participatory budgeting to the battle against «predatory equity» and derelict landlords to sustainability, a key policy concern of his that encompasses issues including the health impacts of truck exhaust pollution, the need for congestion pricing to reduce traffic, the availability of nutritious fresh food, and the maintenance of affordable and livable housing.

Predatory price policies like those pursued by Amazon favor monopolies which are bad for consumers (less choices and eventually higher prices) and for the industry.

It does so by employing the most blatant forms of predatory pricing to destroy its retail competitors.

And publishers would have no choice but to agree because every other competitor would also have been driven out of the market by Amazon's predatory pricing?

The crime rate applies more where you looked at things like serious predatory lending and inflated home values — where older people were talked into refinancing their house that was worth about $ 40k for a loan of about $ 80k so they could lower their payments by $ 75 / month, or those who really didn't understand what they were signing were talked into majorly inflated prices for homes in areas not worth it.

While all lenders depend on some form of risk - based pricing — tying interest rates to credit history — predatory lenders abuse the practice by charging very high interest rates to high - risk borrowers who are most likely to default.

In particular, the federal government plans to crack down on what it calls «hidden fees» by ending extra fees for paper bills; expanding no - cost basic banking services, working with the provinces and territories to regulate predatory payday lenders and further close the U.S. - Canada price gap.

Rather than encouraging the building of more efficient power plants, the California regulatory scheme prevented building new efficient power plants by forcing utilities to rely on the unreliable availability and predatory prices for imported electricity.

The «protectionist instincts» that I and others have are (1) to protect the independence of the bar (sure to be lost eventually under nonlawyer ownership), (2) to protect the health of the legal marketplace (sure to be badly harmed by the cartelization of ABS (see the 5 % commissions charged by the cartel of real estate agencies who still control the vast majority of the realty market, and especially see the ridiculously high costs of dealing with the American title insurance industry where four companies have upwards of 87 % of the conveyancing and title insurance market after first decimating the real estate bar with predatory pricing and other unfair business practices)-RRB-, and (3) to protect the public from those ravages.

This reasoning was, however, invalidated by the General Court in its Aéroports de Paris judgment of 12 December 2000 (T - 128 / 98, confirmed on appeal by the Court in case C - 82 / 01 P), which clarified that the operation of an airport constitutes an economic activity, although the case concerned Article 102 TFEU and rules on predatory pricing.

On 29 September 2004 the Danish competition authority decided that Post Danmark had abused its dominant position by (amongst others) targeting the three customers of FK with very low prices (so - called predatory pricing).

Prices there did not drop after the lawyers were killed off by predatory pricing.

(4) Such cartelization is certain to lead to higher prices to the public (see, to cite only one example among many, many, what happened when a handful of US title insurers replaced 100,000 US real estate lawyers — a «dysfunctional» per the State of California and «invidious» per the Supreme Court of Iowa industry «in which the public pays too much» per the State of California (about four times more than what the lawyers used to charge) while delivering services that are «shit» per an employee of a US title insurer who used to be an independent lawyer until she and all the other real estate lawyers in her city in Florida were put out of business by predatory pricing that lasted only as long as it took to kill the lawyers).

A lawyer in Florida who was put out of business, along with every other real estate lawyer in her city, by a six - month long (that is all it took) campaign of predatory pricing, and who, needing to make a living, then took a job with that industry (but is no longer doing much law), went on to describe the level of service (despite the now four times greater cost than the lawyers ever charged) that her new employer and its non-competitors now deliver to the public as shit (her word).

According to flyLAL, its demise was caused by predatory (that is, below cost) pricing by the Latvian airline Air Baltic Corporation A / S («Air Baltic»).

What's more, conveyancing was ripped away from the bar by temporary predatory pricing and now the poor Americans have very high - cost conveyancing coupled with very poor service - an example of ABS in action.

A lawyer I spoke to in Florida said that she and all the other real estate lawyers in her city were wiped out in six months by the predatory pricing and, once they were gone, the title insurers began charging four times, while driving standards into the mud, what the lawyers had ever charged.