Not exact matches
Friendlessness, friendship instability, and exclusion were significant predictors of
social withdrawal for the increasing class, whereas lower levels of peer exclusion
predicted a decrease in
social withdrawal for the decreasing class.
In a separate study, Pérez - Edgar et al. 38 found that behavioural inhibition in toddlerhood
predicted high levels of
social withdrawal in early childhood.
As a result, they tend to spend more time onlooking (watching other children without joining) and hovering on the edge of
social groups.8, 11 There is some evidence to suggest that young depressive children also experience
social impairment.12 For example, children who display greater depressive symptoms are more likely to be rejected by peers.10 Moreover, deficits in
social skills (e.g.,
social participation, leadership) and peer victimization
predict depressive symptoms in childhood.13, 14 There is also substantial longitudinal evidence linking
social withdrawal in childhood with the later development of more significant internalizing problems.15, 16,17 For example, Katz and colleagues18 followed over 700 children from early childhood to young adulthood and described a pathway linking
social withdrawal at age 5 years — to
social difficulties with peers at age 15 years — to diagnoses of depression at age 20 years.
When the Sensitive - Isolated predictors were considered, academic and job competence at the 10 - year follow - up were
predicted uniquely and negatively by peer exclusion, problems in the
social and romantic domains were
predicted distinctively by
withdrawal from peers, and internalizing symptoms were uniquely
predicted by childhood reputation as Sad - Sensitive.
After controlling for verbal ability and attentional and behavioral control, children's emotion knowledge
predicted concurrent teacher - reported
social problems and
social withdrawal.
Likewise, postnatal maternal depression promotes forms of parenting [13] that enhance stress reactivity,
social withdrawal, and inattention [14 — 16], which in turn
predicts an increased risk for depression and behavioral problems in the offspring [17, 18].