We also know that a purely radiative response is not the way our climate reacts, mainly because of
the presence of liquid water on the surface and its capacity to vaporize, and also because of instabilities that can lead to convective adjustments.
Four and a half billion years after its birth, the shrouded planet is much too hot to support
the presence of liquid water on its surface because of its dense carbon dioxide atmosphere and sulfuric acid clouds, which retain too much radiative heat from the Sun through a runaway greenhouse effect.
Other factors also suggest Mars once had a much thicker atmosphere, such as evidence of persistent
presence of liquid water on the planet's surface long ago even though the atmosphere is too scant for liquid water to persist on the surface now.
Clues on the Martian surface, including features resembling dry riverbeds and minerals that only form in the presence of water, suggest Mars once had a denser atmosphere that supported
the presence of liquid water on the surface.
But conditions that allowed for
the presence of liquid water on the surface of Mars must have lasted for at least 10,000 years, Barnhart said.
The presence of liquid water on the surface is what makes our «blue planet» habitable, and scientists have long been trying to figure out just how much water may be cycling between Earth's surface and interior reservoirs through plate tectonics.
Not exact matches
Liquid water is not a prerequisite for a high score: A planet with
liquids on the surface receives more points than a dry world, but the
presence of water confers no additional advantage.
The
presence of water in
liquid form still guides our searches for extraterrestrial life:
on Mars,
on the moons
of Saturn and Jupiter or
on extrasolar planets (beyond our Solar System).
Phoenix found clays, salts, and calcium carbonate, substances that
on Earth form exclusively in the
presence of liquid water.
The Red Planet is a critical test bed for the hypothesis that life is likely to arise wherever the appropriate physical conditions — notably, the
presence of liquid water — prevail
on a planet for a sufficiently long time.
On Earth, both minerals are associated with the
presence of liquid water.»