This finding is in line with studies reporting that children from high - risk families benefit less from
the presence of protective factors (e.g., Luthar and Goldstein 2004; Miller et al. 1999; Vanderbilt - Adriance and Shaw 2008), indicating that interventions aimed at increasing or strengthening protective factors in high - risk families do not necessarily lead to a decrease in child maltreatement.
Participants leave the training with a sense of encouragement, and hope because they know and understand that «Risk Factors are not predictive factors due to
the presence of Protective Factors» - Dr. Carl Bell.
Not exact matches
All families complete a Parent Survey or similar assessment in order to determine the
presence of various
factors associated with increased risk for child maltreatment or other adverse childhood experiences, as well as identify family strengths and
protective factors.
Thankfully, even the effects
of numerous risk
factors can be reduced or even prevented by the
presence of key
protective factors.
According to Dr. Chris Peterson, research shows their resilience lies in the
presence of «
protective factors,» among which we can count character strengths.
Finally, the two
protective factors that emerged from this research, graduation from high school and the
presence of a caring adult in one's life, warrant further consideration and policy focus for our nation's child welfare systems.
Marriage is the central relationship for the majority
of adults, and morbidity and mortality are reliably lower for married individuals than unmarried individuals across such diverse health threats as cancer, heart attacks, and surgery.1 - 4 Although loss
of a spouse through death or divorce can provoke adverse mental and physical health changes,1,5 - 7 the simple
presence of a spouse is not necessarily
protective; a troubled marriage is itself a prime source
of stress, while simultaneously limiting the partner's ability to seek support in other relationships.8 The impact
of a turbulent marriage is substantial; for example, epidemiological data demonstrated that unhappy marriages were a potent risk
factor for major depressive disorder, associated with a 25-fold increase relative to untroubled marriages.9 Similarly, other researchers found a 10-fold increase in risk for depressive symptoms associated with marital discord.10
Kavanagh39 reported the median proportion
of high EE families in their meta - analysis as 54 % with a range from 23 % to 77 %, whereas figures are typically lower than 40 % in staff - patient studies.12, 23,24,27,28,40 — 42 It may be the case that psychiatric staff have both more experience and training in managing patients» problems than relatives which may be
protective factors against the development
of high EE.43 In support
of this hypothesis, an early study which involved interviewing nurses about how they cope with patients» symptoms
of schizophrenia found that more experienced senior staff used a greater number and range
of coping strategies than less experienced staff.43 High EE ratings in staff - patient studies are also almost exclusively based on the
presence of critical comments with infrequent hostility and very little evidence
of EOI.
Other
protective factors such as the
presence of siblings, higher socio - economic status, a higher degree
of family cohesion, maintaining a positive outlook, a healthy parental relationship, the mobilisation
of community resources, and information seeking were also identified.
Experts generally identify four areas
of parental capacity for measurement: parent - child attachment, the
presence and growth
of protective factors, specific parenting skills and knowledge, and general parental efficacy.