In order to equalize the pressure difference between the the rising parcel and its new environment, air molecules inside the higher -
pressure air parcel push out the sides of the parcel.
Not exact matches
Higher
pressure increases the temperature of
air parcels below.
Thus, if a
parcel of
air from the surface rises (because of wind flowing up the side of a mountain, for example), it undergoes an expansion, from higher to lower
pressure.
Bluetooth system, Cruise control + speed limiter, Door / boot open warning light, Exterior temperature gauge, IntelliLink infotainment system, Lights on warning, Low fuel level warning light, Rev counter, Service indicator, Speed sensitive power steering, Speed warning indicator, Trip computer, Vauxhall OnStar emergency assistance, VXR instrument panel, 6 speakers, Aux input, Fingertip controls for audio system, USB connection, «Smart» windscreen wipers, Body colour bumpers, Body colour door handles, Body coloured door mirrors, Dual exhaust pipes, Electric adjustable door mirrors, Electric front windows / one touch facility, Front fog lights, Headlamp levelling, Heated door mirrors, Heated rear windscreen, Heated windscreen, Laminated windscreen, LED daytime running lights, Rear diffuser, Rear wiper, Tinted glass including windscreen, VXR rear roof spoiler, Xenon headlights, 12 V power outlet, 2 height adjustable rear headrests, 60 / 40 split folding rear seat, Adjustable dashboard illumination,
Air recirculation system, Centre console with cupholders, Chrome gear knob, Chrome interior door handles, Delay courtesy light function, Driver / passenger reading lights, Driver / passenger sunvisors and vanity mirrors, Front seat belt pre-tensioners with load limiters, Grab handles, Height adjustable driver's seat, Height adjustable front headrests, Height adjustable passenger seat, Height / reach adjust steering wheel, Illuminated glovebox, Interior courtesy light operated by all doors, Isofix on outer rear seats, Leather wrapped steering wheel, Lidded front door storage with drinks holder + armrest, Load restraining lashing points, Luggage compartment cover, Passenger under seat tray, Pollen filter, Rear bottle holder, Rear
parcel shelf, Reclining front seats, Seatback map pocket, VXR floor mats,Anti - lock Brake System + Electronic Brakeforce Distribution + Emergency Brake Assit, Brake assist, Driver / passenger 2 stage auto adaptive airbags, Electronic Stability Programme + traction control, Front and rear curtain airbags, Front and rear seatbelt reminder, Front seat side impact airbags, Height adjustable front seatbelts, Hill start assist, Passenger airbag deactivation system, Three 3 point rear seatbelts, Tyre
pressure monitoring system,Anti - drill door locks, Deadlocks, Immobiliser, Radio frequency remote central locking, Chrome effect speaker surrounds, Tyre inflation kit
Bluetooth system, Cruise control + speed limiter, Door / boot open warning light, Exterior temperature gauge, IntelliLink infotainment system, Lights on warning, Low fuel level warning light, Rev counter, Service indicator, Speed sensitive power steering, Speed warning indicator, Trip computer, Vauxhall OnStar emergency assistance, VXR instrument panel, 6 speakers, Aux input, Fingertip controls for audio system, USB connection, «Smart» windscreen wipers, Automatic headlights and windscreen wipers, Body colour bumpers, Body colour door handles, Body coloured door mirrors, Dual exhaust pipes, Electric adjustable door mirrors, Electric front windows / one touch facility, Front fog lights, Headlamp levelling, Heated door mirrors, Heated rear windscreen, Heated windscreen, Laminated windscreen, LED daytime running lights, Rear diffuser, Rear wiper, Tinted glass including windscreen, VXR rear roof spoiler, Xenon headlights, 12V power outlet, 2 height adjustable rear headrests, 60/40 split folding rear seat, Adjustable dashboard illumination,
Air recirculation system, Centre console with cupholders, Chrome gear knob, Chrome interior door handles, Delay courtesy light function, Driver / passenger reading lights, Driver / passenger sunvisors and vanity mirrors, Front seat belt pre-tensioners with load limiters, Grab handles, Heated front seats, Height adjustable driver's seat, Height adjustable front headrests, Height adjustable passenger seat, Height / reach adjust steering wheel, Illuminated glovebox, Interior courtesy light operated by all doors, Isofix on outer rear seats, Leather wrapped steering wheel, Lidded front door storage with drinks holder + armrest, Load restraining lashing points, Luggage compartment cover, Passenger under seat tray, Pollen filter, Rear bottle holder, Rear
parcel shelf, Reclining front seats, Seatback map pocket, VXR floor mats, ABS + EBD + EBA, Brake assist, Driver / passenger 2 stage auto adaptive airbags, ESP + traction control, Front and rear curtain airbags, Front and rear seatbelt reminder, Front seat side impact airbags, Height adjustable front seatbelts, Hill start assist, Passenger airbag deactivation system, Three 3 point rear seatbelts, Tyre
pressure monitoring system, Anti-drill door locks, Deadlocks, Immobiliser, Radio frequency remote central locking, Chrome effect speaker surrounds, Tyre inflation kit
Bluetooth system, Cruise control + speed limiter, Door / boot open warning light, Exterior temperature gauge, IntelliLink infotainment system, Lights on warning, Low fuel level warning light, Rev counter, Service indicator, Speed sensitive power steering, Speed warning indicator, Trip computer, VXR instrument panel, 6 speakers, Aux input, Fingertip controls for audio system, USB connection, «Smart» windscreen wipers, Body colour bumpers, Body colour door handles, Body coloured door mirrors, Dual exhaust pipes, Electric adjustable door mirrors, Electric front windows / one touch facility, Front fog lights, Headlamp levelling, Heated door mirrors, Heated rear windscreen, Heated windscreen, Laminated windscreen, LED daytime running lights, Rear diffuser, Rear wiper, Tinted glass including windscreen, VXR rear roof spoiler, Xenon headlights, 12 V power outlet, 2 height adjustable rear headrests, 60 / 40 split folding rear seat, Adjustable dashboard illumination,
Air recirculation system, Centre console with cupholders, Chrome gear knob, Chrome interior door handles, Delay courtesy light function, Driver / passenger reading lights, Driver / passenger sunvisors and vanity mirrors, Front seat belt pre-tensioners with load limiters, Grab handles, Height adjustable driver's seat, Height adjustable front headrests, Height adjustable passenger seat, Height / reach adjust steering wheel, Illuminated glovebox, Interior courtesy light operated by all doors, Isofix on outer rear seats, Leather wrapped steering wheel, Lidded front door storage with drinks holder + armrest, Load restraining lashing points, Luggage compartment cover, Passenger under seat tray, Pollen filter, Rear bottle holder, Rear
parcel shelf, Recaro sports front seats, Reclining front seats, Seatback map pocket, VXR floor mats,Anti - lock Brake System + Electronic Brakeforce Distribution + Emergency Brake Assit, Brake assist, Driver / passenger 2 stage auto adaptive airbags, Electronic Stability Programme + traction control, Front and rear curtain airbags, Front and rear seatbelt reminder, Front seat side impact airbags, Height adjustable front seatbelts, Hill start assist, Passenger airbag deactivation system, Three 3 point rear seatbelts, Tyre
pressure monitoring system,Anti - drill door locks, Deadlocks, Immobiliser, Radio frequency remote central locking, Chrome effect speaker surrounds, Tyre inflation kit
The
parcel of
air changes its own temperature and
pressure at the same rate as the temperature and
pressure of the surroundings changes.
That
pressure difference is the buoyant force — the force that pushes up on the
air parcel.
The
parcel of
air that you placed in the lower atmosphere is going to compress and warm because it finds itself in a place with higher
pressure.
-- If a
parcel of
air is lifted, its
pressure is DECREASED, since
pressure decreases with height, and its temperature falls due to the expansion.
«As our
air parcel expands in response to the lowering of the outside
pressure, the force of its internal
pressure is moving the walls of the container outwards.
By the time the outside
air is compressed enough for the cabin (equivalent to quickly bringing that
parcel of
air adiabatically to surface
pressure), it is typically too warm to be comfortable.)
The surrounding
air presses in on the
air parcel from all directions but the
pressure along the sides of the
parcel are equal and opposite and thus cancel.
Relative humidity is the fraction of water vapour in a small
parcel of
air relative to the total amount of water vapour the
air could contain at the given temperature and
pressure.
The expansion laterally increases
pressure laterally but
pressure from above stays the same because even if the atmosphere were to expand there would be the same number of molecules above the
air parcel.
When an
air parcel occasionally moves upward, its
pressure changes as prescribed by the ambient conditions (e.g. of hydrostatic equilibrium).
i) The lower surface
pressure arises once the
air parcel begins to ascend.
That's essentially equivalent to the well known fact that adiabatic condensation occurs always in ascending convection where the
parcel of
air moves to lower
pressure and cools.
Once it expands it pushes against the adjoining
parcels so
pressure increases in the horizontal plane but
pressure in the vertical plane remains the same so the expanded and lighter
air parcel moves in the direction of least resistance which is upward.
Thus a
parcel of
air into which water vapour is injected will rise without any change in ambient temperature.The reduction of density from surface upwards is what initially reduces
air pressure as measured from the surface.
But on the other hand, condensation heats the
air parcel and hence causes faster molecular motion and a rise in
pressure, which is neglected in the calculations of M&G.
The local
pressure reduction pointed to when condensation reduces volume is instantly offset by mass flowing into the original volume from the surroundings and the energy released is not enough to make the
air parcel and the liquid contents lighter than
air containing water vapour.
A
parcel of
air at constant volume — well, gas law and all, must be at constant
pressure, unless the temperature changes.
At the surface, increased
pressure from injecting water vapour into a
parcel of
air via evaporation causes the
parcel to rise so that surface
pressure below it falls.
ii) If
pressure within an
air parcel rises then the contents expand to occupy a larger space but that decreases density and weight which reduces
pressure at the surface below.
The surrounding areas are effectively the entire rest of the global atmosphere so there is not going to be any significant
pressure change outside the original
air parcel.
Again,
pressure in the vertical plane stays the same so the contracted and heavier
air parcel moves in the direction of least resistance which is downward.
What makes
air rise from the surface when evaporation occurs is increased
pressure horizontally which increases buoyancy of the less dense
parcel by forcing it upward vertically for a reduction of
pressure at the base of the column.
Since liquid water weighs the same as the water vapor it condensed from, there is no change in the weight of the column of atmosphere above our
parcel of
air, whence the
pressure remains unchanged, although the
parcel may change (very slowly) in volume.
The problem is that the dynamic effect of latent heat (and the associated
pressure gradients) can not be calculated considering the rising
air parcel alone.
But if it loses
pressure in some other way then it will suck
air from its adjoining
parcels to compensate, which will cause them to lose
pressure.
If a
parcel of
air loses
pressure due to its
air escaping to an adjoining
parcel, then it makes sense that
pressure will increase in the latter.
People here are not distinguishing between localised
pressure effects where one
parcel of
air abuts another and surface
pressure effects as a result of a rising or descending column.
Stephen said, «What makes
air rise from the surface when evaporation occurs is increased
pressure horizontally which increases buoyancy of the less dense
parcel by forcing it upward vertically for a reduction of
pressure at the base of the column.»
The reason for the difference is that when
air is rising it goes with the gravitational field so that the reducing
pressure gradient with height ADDS adiabatic cooling to any further evaporative cooling within the
air parcel
Evaporation initially reduces the density of the
air within a convective cell below the global average and condensation simply restores the density within the cell to the global average so it is trite to suggest that the condensation process additionally reduces density and surface
pressure outside the
parcel.
In the first term of the Equation (3) above and for q, you considered energy of
air pressure and that of gravity for an arbitrary
air parcel and no sensible heat from the surroundings.
The wet - bulb temperature is the temperature an
air parcel would have if it were cooled to saturation at constant
pressure by evaporating water into the
parcel.
Parcels of
air move around the low
pressure system.
Given two almost identical
parcels of
air at the same temperature and
pressure, the one with more water vapor will be less dense.