Sentences with phrase «presynaptic terminals»
Presynaptic terminals refer to the ends of nerve cells that send signals to other nerve cells. They release special chemicals called neurotransmitters, which help transmit messages across the synapse (the tiny gap between nerve cells) to the postsynaptic terminal of another nerve cell. In simple terms, presynaptic terminals are the starting points for passing signals between nerve cells in our bodies. Full definition
In the hypothalamus, expressed in both GABAergic and glutamatergic presynaptic terminals of POMC neurons (at protein level)(PubMed: 25869131, PubMed: 25707796).
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Slow - acting neurotransmitters control the efficacy of fast synaptic transmission by regulating the efficiency of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals and by regulating the efficiency with which fast - acting neurotransmitters produce their effects on postsynaptic receptors.
The presence of CB1 at presynaptic terminals was confirmed by immunohistochemical experiments with specific antibodies against CB1.
The new study also shows that SHANK3 is expressed on the sending sides of the synapse, called presynaptic terminals.
With use of the large calyx of Held presynaptic terminal from rats, we found that cleavage of different SNARE proteins by clostridial neurotoxins caused distinct kinetic changes in neurotransmitter release.
Goldfish retinal bipolar cells have giant presynaptic terminals that make them especially amenable for investigation.
When elevating calcium ion concentration directly at the presynaptic terminal with the use of caged calcium, cleavage of SNAP - 25 by botulinum toxin A (BoNT / A) produced a strong reduction in the calcium sensitivity for release, whereas cleavage of syntaxin using BoNT / C1 and synaptobrevin using tetanus toxin (TeNT) produced an all - or - nothing block without changing the kinetics of remaining vesicles.
Using cutting - edge 3D microscopy, researchers from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Yale University examined the subcellular architecture of presynaptic terminals in retinal bipolar cells of live goldfish.
When the action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, the vesicles can rapidly fuse and release the neurotransmitter.
Shigemoto and colleagues used a high - resolution electron microscopy technique to look closely at the presynaptic terminal of a particular synapse in the mouse.
Therefore, before the action potential even arrives at the presynaptic terminal, vesicles containing neurotransmitter line up in a fusion - ready state at docking sites in the presynaptic terminal.
They found that the number of functional docking sites matches the number of clusters of voltage-gated calcium channels in the presynaptic terminal.
Calcium ions rapidly stream into the presynaptic terminal and the calcium concentration in the presynaptic terminal rises.
These possibilities can be distinguished by a quantal analysis in which the size of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic potential released spontaneously from the presynaptic terminal is used as a reference.
«Machinery in the presynaptic terminal can be modified in a very acute manner to drive certain forms of plasticity, which could be really important not only in development, but also in more mature states where synaptic changes can occur during behavioral processes like learning and memory,» Cho says.
Together Südhof and Scheller have given us a new level of understanding of how synapses — the key components of our mental function — release chemical transmitter from their presynaptic terminals in response to a calcium signal.
We now know that each quantum, consisting of a collection of around 5000 transmitter molecules, is contained in a little round organelle in the presynaptic terminal that Sanford Palay and George Palade had earlier discovered and called the «synaptic vesicl.e» Neurotransmitter is released from these synaptic vesicles to the outside of the neuron in response to the influx of Ca2 + into the presynaptic terminal.
This influx occurs when Ca2 + channels open in response to an electrical signal, called the action potential that is conducted to the sending neuron's presynaptic terminal.
This is also reflected by the decoration of the dendroids with presynaptic terminals, originating from co-cultured neurons.
Richard Scheller has used a combination of biochemistry, molecular biology, and cell biology to identify several key synaptic vesicle and plasma membrane proteins involved in fusion of the neurotransmitter - containing vesicles with the membrane of the presynaptic terminal.
Electron microscopic studies revealed that the presynaptic terminal of the neuron transmitting the information is filled with synaptic vesicles, small organelles containing thousands of molecules of a chemical neurotransmitter.
During an action potential, calcium influx into the presynaptic terminal triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, leading to the release of transmitter through the process of exocytosis.