You have to use capital losses to offset gains in the same year, but you are allowed to carry back additional losses and apply them to gains realized in the three
previous taxation years, or carry forward the losses indefinitely.
Supplementary Budgetary legislation in New Zealand includes an annual «Appropriation (Confirmation and Validation) Bill», which serves to validate
taxation and spending incurred in the
previous year which fell outside the
previous year's Budget, and «Imprest Supply Bills,» typically several in a
year, which grant interim authority to the Government to tax and spend.