At the symbolic level, fostering is considered to be a sort of «second psychological birth», in that the foster family makes itself and its resources available to heal the child's
primary affective damage, thereby giving rise to a «bond to heal the bond» (Greco & Iafrate, 2001), to the «renewal» of devastated
experience and an improved self - esteem (Nunziante Cesaro & Ferraro, 1992; Saviane Kaneklin, 1995).