It's not usually put like this, but the discovery
of primordial gravitational waves two weeks ago has given us our first direct glimpse of a period before the big bang.
DUST IN DEPTH The Planck satellite analyzed the same patch of sky, shown here within the white dots, that the BICEP2 telescope measured in a search
for primordial gravitational waves.
Physicists could look for evidence of other universes using tools designed to measure ripples in spacetime — also known
as primordial gravitational waves — that would have been generated by the universe's initial expansion from the Big Bang.
Discovering the presence of
primordial gravitational waves opens a window into the kind of physics that happened 10 ^ -35 seconds after the Big Bang at an energy scale that is a trillion times larger than the energy regime that can be probed by the Large Hadron Collider.
Wilczek reckons we will not have the sensitivity to detect the influence of
primordial gravitational waves in the CMB for at least 10 to 15 years, despite new high - resolution maps from the Planck satellite.
Physicists working with the BICEP2 telescope at the South Pole claim to have seen the imprint of
primordial gravitational waves on the cosmic microwave background — a claim later retracted
And there could even be
primordial gravitational waves that match the inflation of the universe.
BICEP2's original claim rested on a certain parameter, r, which measures the size of a potential signal of
primordial gravitational waves.
In 2014, researchers on the BICEP2 telescope announced they had seen signs of
primordial gravitational waves, ripples created not from modern - day black hole collisions but from the big bang itself.
Such tools could map the spectrum of
primordial gravitational waves and perhaps distinguish «kinks and bumps» within it that reveal the earliest and most epochal milestones in the universe's evolution.
Yet for
primordial gravitational waves, the CMB is not a firewall — it is a window.
The first glimpse of
primordial gravitational waves is a landmark in our understanding of the universe — but what exactly are these all - important ripples?
Dust left over from an exploding star could mimic the effect that
primordial gravitational waves would have had on ancient cosmic light
These primordial gravitational waves are too faint to be detectable directly, but it should be possible to see their imprint on the relic radiation from the big bang — the cosmic microwave background.
From humanity's first, flawed foray to the surface of a comet to the celebrated discovery of (and less celebrated skepticism about)
primordial gravitational waves, 2014 has brought some historic successes and failures in space science and physics.
Even more spectacular, though, is the fact that physicists figured out in advance that
the primordial gravitational waves would be found in the cosmic microwave radiation.
QUANTA MAGAZINE: You are a leading critic of the BICEP2 team's claim to have discovered the existence of
primordial gravitational waves.
Another experiment there, the South Pole Telescope, reported finding B - mode polarization last year, although the signal it saw was at a different angular scale across the sky and was clearly due to the known process of gravitational lensing (a warping of light caused by massive objects) of the CMB by large galaxies, rather than
the primordial gravitational waves seen here.
Dust grains in the Galaxy could imprint a similar polarization pattern in the CMB as gravitational waves can, but based on several different predictions of the galactic contribution the researchers concluded that their data was more likely to originate from
primordial gravitational waves.
The polarization pattern that BICEP2 detected in the CMB could effectively be a snapshot of
primordial gravitational waves.
Southern lights at the South Pole, where the South Pole Telescope, an upgraded BICEP, the Martin A. Pomerantz Observatory and the Keck Array all hunt for
primordial gravitational waves.
That's because using a mathematical tool called dimensional analysis, they found a positive link between
the primordial gravitational waves and Planck's constant, which is used in quantum mechanics.
In March, the team behind the BICEP2 telescope in Antarctica (pictured) announced that they had seen evidence of
primordial gravitational waves.
I discuss the present situation and subtleties regarding search for
the primordial gravitational wave background generated during inflation which was the first prediction of its observational consequences made in 1979.
Despite earlier reports of a possible detection, a joint analysis of data from ESA's Planck satellite and the ground - based BICEP2 and Keck Array experiments has found no conclusive evidence of
primordial gravitational waves.
The new dust analysis leaves open the possibility that part of the BICEP2 signal comes from
primordial gravitational waves, which are the long - sought fingerprints of a leading Big Bang theory called «inflation.»
Scientists report the possible discovery of
primordial gravitational waves, ripples in space - time that carry a record of how the universe began.
Now, scientists have shown that the swirl pattern touted as evidence of
primordial gravitational waves — ripples in space and time dating to the universe's explosive birth — could instead all come from magnetically aligned dust.