M. Rosas - Ballina and co-workers show in the same Science issue that action potentials originating in the vagus nerve regulate splenic T cells, which in turn produce acetylcholine (ACh) and intercept
pro-inflammatory cytokine production (1).
Although it has been suggested that resveratrol has anti-inflammatory properties, in this study resveratrol did not suppress autoimmune responses as measured by levels of MOG35 -55-specific lymphoproliferative responses and
pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
Not exact matches
Previous studies have shown that such vulnerability can lead to more frequent anxiety, and anxiety is known to activate a metabolic pathway responsible for the
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines, signaling proteins that include interleukin - 6 (IL - 6).
The signal induces the expression of many innate immune and antiviral genes and the
production of antiviral gene products,
pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and interferons.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo.
Studies on peripheral blood T cells show that 1,25 -(OH) 2D3 inhibits the proliferation and
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines whilst promoting the expression of regulatory markers.
That being said, the
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines is associated with insulin resistance, obesity and metabolic syndrome, whereas a higher
production of anti-inflammatory
cytokines has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity (which helps protect the organism from developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases), decrease fat storage, enhance muscle regeneration and support longevity.
In addition, fasting has shown to have an important anti-inflammatory effect, since it increases the
production of the anti-inflammatory
cytokines, while suppresses the
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body.
This is a chemical messenger which regulates the
production of many
pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF - a and IL - 6.
During sleep, cortisol levels are low, allowing for increased activity of
pro-inflammatory hormone and
cytokine production.
Some probiotic bacteria have also shown promise in reducing the
production of messengers called
pro-inflammatory cytokines.
The detrimental effects of omega - 6s are articulated by Fernandes and Venkatraman (1993), with, «The increased consumption of many vegetable oils particularly of the n - 6 series is... viewed as
pro-inflammatory and is suspected as one of the possible causes for the rise in certain malignant tumors, rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune diseases primarily due to the increased
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines» (p. S19).
«Storing excess fat around the organs increases
production of
pro-inflammatory chemicals, also called
cytokines, which leads to inflammation; at the same time, it interferes with hormones that regulate appetite, weight, mood and brain function.»
Turmerone inhibits the
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines, while curcumin deactivates amyloid proteins, which have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases.
These alkaloids have been well studied in the context of inflammation and have been shown to inhibit the
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines.
«a major active polyphenol of green tea, has been shown to down - regulate inflammatory responses in dendritic cells (DCs)... In addition, EGCG - treated DCs inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines» Also apropos: «Autoimmunity, dendritic cells and relevance for Parkinson's disease» http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3535404/
Curcumin likewise suppresses
production of monocyte chemoattractant protein - 1 (MCP - 1), interferon - inducible protein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin - 12 (IL - 12),
cytokines which recruit or activate immune cells and perpetuate
pro-inflammatory immune cascades (Chainani, 2003).
However, excessive drinking appears to increase the
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines, according to University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researchers.
Both depression and stress promote the
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Most of the proposed mechanisms of actions in these studies involve changes in cell signaling and decreased
production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines.