However, as noted, for the most part, patients with rare diseases who as a group seek coverage for medications are likely not owed administrative
procedural fairness protections.
Marion Boyd's argument is reflected in Omar's comments: if one does not hold out the possibility of enforcing a family arbitral award made under Islamic law, at least on some grounds (and she set out a number of conditions about
procedural and substantive
fairness), then those who go to arbitration under that law anyway have no
protection in civil law, and the arbitrator has no incentive to conform to our general notions of
fairness.