Sentences with phrase «processing on aerosol»

Not exact matches

Reactions in and on sea - salt aerosol particles may have a strong influence on oxidation processes in the marine boundary layer through the production of halogen radicals, and reactions on mineral aerosols may significantly affect the cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and atmospheric oxidants.

Much of this uncertainty is due to the complexity of aerosols and their interactions with and impacts on cloud processes and properties, as well as the wide range of scales on which these interactions occur.

These models focus on small numbers of aerosol properties or processes.

He is particularly interested in the role of aerosols and clouds in the atmosphere, and has worked on the processes that describe these components of the atmosphere, the computational details that are needed to describe them in computer models, and on their impact on climate.

In addition, model intercomparison studies do not quantify the range of uncertainty associated with a specific aerosol process, nor does this type of uncertainty analysis provide much information on which aerosol process needs improving the most.

Aerosols and cloud processes vary on much smaller time and space scales than climate models can simulate.

Perhaps surprisingly, the key innovation in this experimental set up is not the presence of the controllable ionisation source (from the Proton Synchrotron accelerator), but rather the state - of - the - art instrumentation of the chamber that has allowed them to see in unprecedented detail what is going on in the aerosol nucleation process (this is according to a couple of aerosol people I've spoken about this with).

Solar activity impacts on climate are a fascinating topic, and encompass direct radiative processes, indirect effects via atmospheric chemistry and (potentially) aerosol formation effects.

Similarly, the influence of aerosols on precipitation processes is another example of a non-radiative climate forcing (see pages 6, and 42 - 44, for example, in the NRC report).

This statement on its own would be an acknowledgement that climate engineering processes are underway and now we can not turn back as switching off the aerosols would be more damaging than any other course of action.

Should your model values, conditional on the future concentrations of CO2 and adjustments for aerosols, fit the measured values close enough, then someone will take up the search for whatever it is that is generating your residual processes.

The meeting will mainly cover the following themes, but can include other topics related to understanding and modelling the atmosphere: ● Surface drag and momentum transport: orographic drag, convective momentum transport ● Processes relevant for polar prediction: stable boundary layers, mixed - phase clouds ● Shallow and deep convection: stochasticity, scale - awareness, organization, grey zone issues ● Clouds and circulation feedbacks: boundary - layer clouds, CFMIP, cirrus ● Microphysics and aerosol - cloud interactions: microphysical observations, parameterization, process studies on aerosol - cloud interactions ● Radiation: circulation coupling; interaction between radiation and clouds ● Land - atmosphere interactions: Role of land processes (snow, soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction ● Physics - dynamics coupling: numerical methods, scale - separation and grey - zone, thermodynamic consistency ● Next generation model development: the challenge of exascale, dynamical core developments, regional refinement, super-parametrization ● High Impact and Extreme Weather: role of convective scale models; ensembles; relevant challenges for model deProcesses relevant for polar prediction: stable boundary layers, mixed - phase clouds ● Shallow and deep convection: stochasticity, scale - awareness, organization, grey zone issues ● Clouds and circulation feedbacks: boundary - layer clouds, CFMIP, cirrus ● Microphysics and aerosol - cloud interactions: microphysical observations, parameterization, process studies on aerosol - cloud interactions ● Radiation: circulation coupling; interaction between radiation and clouds ● Land - atmosphere interactions: Role of land processes (snow, soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction ● Physics - dynamics coupling: numerical methods, scale - separation and grey - zone, thermodynamic consistency ● Next generation model development: the challenge of exascale, dynamical core developments, regional refinement, super-parametrization ● High Impact and Extreme Weather: role of convective scale models; ensembles; relevant challenges for model deprocesses (snow, soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction ● Physics - dynamics coupling: numerical methods, scale - separation and grey - zone, thermodynamic consistency ● Next generation model development: the challenge of exascale, dynamical core developments, regional refinement, super-parametrization ● High Impact and Extreme Weather: role of convective scale models; ensembles; relevant challenges for model development

(Note: the biggest issue is climate sensitivity, with a secondary issue being the magnitude of modes of natural internal variability on multi-decadal time scales, and tertiary issues associated model inadequacies in dealing with aerosol - cloud processes and solar indirect effects.)

I have devoted 30 years to conducting research on topics including climate feedback processes in the Arctic, energy exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, the role of clouds and aerosols in the climate system, and the impact of climate change on the characteristics of tropical cyclones.

Surely after decades of satellite measurements, countless field experiments, and numerous finescale modeling studies that have repeatedly highlighted basic deficiencies in the ability of comprehensive climate models to represent processes contributing to atmospheric aerosol forcing, it is time to give up on the fantasy that somehow their output can be accepted at face value.»

New information from dedicated recent and future field campaigns is expected to shed light on organic aerosol formation processes and how they are altered in the presence of anthropogenic pollution.

The 2014 Biogenic Aerosols — Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) field campaign in Finland has provided rich data on processes related to aerosol, cloud, and snow formation.

With regard to the actual content of the press release quoted, it isn't clear if the process they report on (aerosol particles, particularly organic chemicals, getting smaller over time) makes them better or worse at forming clouds and their other atmosphere cooling functions.

Aerosol collections on the NOAA Ron Brown for subsequent processing of INP activation temperature spectra and composition analyses, add a valuable measurement to the ACAPEX and related CalWater2 (NOAA) studies for use in parameterizing and modeling the impacts of marine boundary layer and other aerosols on climate and radiation via aerosol - indirect effects on mixed phase Aerosol collections on the NOAA Ron Brown for subsequent processing of INP activation temperature spectra and composition analyses, add a valuable measurement to the ACAPEX and related CalWater2 (NOAA) studies for use in parameterizing and modeling the impacts of marine boundary layer and other aerosols on climate and radiation via aerosol - indirect effects on mixed phase aerosol - indirect effects on mixed phase clouds.

While it is impossible to know what decisions are made in the development process of each model, it seems plausible that choices are made based on agreement with observations as to what parameterizations are used, what forcing datasets are selected, or whether an uncertain forcing (e.g. mineral dust, land use) or feedback (indirect aerosol effect) is incorporated or not.

The Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE - ENA) is focused on low clouds and processes that affect cloud properties and their life cycle.

I was at an international conference on aerosol in September and I made a comment that we're getting to the stage with CLOUD where we will understand the processes extremely well, but we still won't be able to reduce the errors because we don't have good enough atmospheric observations of what the concentrations of these vapors are in the atmosphere versus altitude.

identifying atmospheric processes controlling aerosol life cycle and their influence on clouds

The AMF2 was deployed on a research vessel offshore and provided critical measurements to quantify the moisture budget and cloud and precipitation processes associated with ARs and to characterize aerosols and aerosol - cloud - precipitation interactions associated with aerosols from long - range transport in the Pacific Ocean.

This chapter focuses on process understanding and considers observations, theory and models to assess how clouds and aerosols contribute and respond to climate change.

Such clouds are inherently quite susceptible to aerosol effects on both warm rain and ice precipitation - forming processes.

Interactions with the hydrological cycle, and additional impacts on the radiation budget, occur through the role of aerosols in cloud microphysical processes, as aerosol particles act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN).

The forcing aspect of the indirect effect at the top of the atmosphere is discussed in Chapter 2, while the processes that involve feedbacks or interactions, like the «cloud lifetime effect» [6], the «semi-direct effect» and aerosol impacts on the large - scale circulation, convection, the biosphere through nutrient supply and the carbon cycle, are discussed here.

Here, in part I, I'll review some of the basic processes that are important in determining the climate effects of aerosols, focusing in particular on their formation.

Settling by gravitation depends on mass and thus on density, but that's a relatively minor loss process at least for submicron aerosol.

But a reminder, you are doing V&V on the dynamic core, the bottom boundary conditions (like orography), each individual parameterization (e.g. radiative transfer, convection, boundary layer, clouds, etc), and in the case of coupled models the ocean module, the sea ice module, the land process module, the aerosol module (and in future the ice sheet module), in stand alone mode as well as when coupled in the climate model.

For anyone doubting the existence of the phenomenon called «chemtrails», please take the time to read through this extensive list of patents from the U.S. Patent and Trade Mark Office on equipment and processes used in aerosol spraying programs commonly referred to as «chemtrails» but scientifically called «weather geoengineering.»

BAECC was designed to obtain important details on processes related to aerosol, cloud, and snow formation that are not currently well understood or well represented in earth system models.

Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.

Based on discussions with my colleagues Rong Zhang and Mike Winton, this seems to be a consequence of an AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) which builds in strength when the aerosol cooling is strong, trying to balance a part of the cooling at the surface with warm waters advected in from the tropics, but also — by a process that is not particularly straightforward — cools the subsurface waters.