Between 1980 and 2005, the amount of grain used to
produce fuel ethanol in the United States gradually expanded from 1 million to 41 million tons.
The latter would mean, for example, using less corn and more switchgrass to
produce fuel ethanol.
Not exact matches
Another quick - maturing technology, which Canadian firm Iogen is pioneering, is cellulose
ethanol, a
fuel made from crop and forest residues and urban wastes that could be locally
produced in rural British Columbia.
A few years later, LifeLine Foods and ICM Inc., the world leader in
ethanol facility design and engineering, formed a joint venture to transform the corn mill into the country's first corn - processing plant that utilizes a proprietary technology developed by ICM to
produce food and
fuel simultaneously.
Fermentation is triggered by lactic acid bacteria — or lactobacilli — and yeasts, which use the carbohydrate
fuels from the cereal grains to
produce ethanol (alcohol), carbon dioxide, lactic acid and acetic acid.
According to our analysis, this would generate more than enough electricity to power the biorefinery, so surplus power could be sold back to the grid, displacing electricity
produced from fossil
fuels — a practice already used in some plants in Brazil to
produce ethanol from sugarcane.
Currently more than 40 per cent of the US corn crop goes into
producing ethanol, which is mostly mixed with gasoline to
fuel conventional cars.
The study is the second major report this month calling for greater research on the environmental effects of
producing ethanol and other renewable transportation
fuels.
«We can do this while simultaneously
producing from the biomass lignin - free cellulose, which is the basis of
ethanol and other liquid
fuels.
«But there are ways to obtain
ethanol for
fuel from fermentation that
produce something that chemically is very much like beer — so beer is an excellent readily available model to test our technology.»
«Our method of direct conversion of
ethanol offers a pathway to
produce suitable hydrocarbon blend - stock that may be blended at a refinery to yield
fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet
fuel or commodity chemicals,» Narula said.
Gates has invested in several renewable
fuels companies, including Pacific
Ethanol and Sapphire Energy; the latter intends to
produce gasoline from algae.
Today most
ethanol in the United States is made from corn, using an energy - intensive process that may not actually save a lot of fossil
fuel, and in any case America can not
produce enough
ethanol from corn to really matter.
The company can
produce more than 100 gallons of
fuel per ton based on lab experiments because bacteria make more
ethanol: «We aren't
producing butanol, propanol, hexanol, octanol, and all the other alcohols,» Bolsen says.
Then the company used custom - designed microbes to
produce the new
fuels by fermentation from a conventional
ethanol feedstock.
That method could make a difference in cellulosic biofuel plants, which
produce ethanol from waste products — corn husks and cobs — rather than edible kernels, a major advance in addressing the tradeoff of using agricultural land to grow corn for
fuel rather than for food.
Searchinger's outlook is bleaker: He estimates that the rise in corn - based
ethanol production in the United States would increase greenhouse gases, relative to what our current, fossil -
fuel - based economy
produces, for 167 years.
Moving forward, the team will continue to work on their device to scale up the production of ethylene as well as employ similar systems to
produce liquid
fuels such as
ethanol and propanol.
That was the knock on
ethanol: that it took more energy to create than it
produced as
fuel.
But the research suggests that even if researchers maximized the capacity to grow biofuels on all marginal lands, «the amount of cellulosic
ethanol it could
produce is only enough to provide 1.5 percent of U.S. transportation
fuel by 2020.»
George Huber, chemical engineer, University of Massachusetts at Amherst - Bright Idea:
Produce ethanol or other renewable
fuels from biomass that we do not use for food.
Ethanol fuel is
produced from sugar cane in Brazil and from the cellulose of a wide variety of plants, including cornstalks, poplar trees, and switch grass, as well as waste left over from the forest products industry, wheat, oat, and barley straw.
Methanol is used for
producing biodiesel, as a
fuel, denaturant for
ethanol, and is a greenhouse gas.
The real reason for the existence of
ethanol fuel is that it is somewhat easier to
produce ethanol from agricultural products than it is to
produce biogasoline.
Furthermore, the Brazilian subsidiary began
producing flex -
fuel versions for the Civic and the Fit models, capable of running on any blend of gasoline (E20 to E25 blend in Brazil) and
ethanol up to E100.
The customized Corvette Z06 E85 Concept pace car runs on E85
ethanol, a domestically
produced alternative
fuel.
«Most of the vehicles in Brazil are powered by
ethanol, so I understand how a domestically
produced renewable
fuel can help the energy solutions of a nation,» said Fittipaldi, who previously drove the Corvette Z06 E85 Concept pace car at the 2008 Indianapolis 500.
The Brazilian - spec Jeep 551 will be offered with a 2.0 - litre Tigershark flex -
fuel (petrol -
ethanol) engine that
produces 159 cv (159 hp) at 6,200 rpm running on petrol or 164 cv (164 hp) at 6,000 rpm running on
ethanol, as well as a 2.0 - litre MultiJet II diesel engine.
FlexFuel can be advantageous in parts of the country where higher - percentage
ethanol fuel blends are offered, as GM FlexFuel engines have been engineered to
produce more horsepower while running high - octane blends.
According to the Brazilian publication, the South American - spec version will be offered with a 2.0 - litre Tigershark flex -
fuel (petrol -
ethanol) engine that
produces 159 cv (159 hp) at 6,200 rpm running on petrol and 164 cv (164 hp) at 6,000 rpm running on
ethanol, as well as a 2.0 - litre MultiJet II diesel engine.
The
fuel, which supposedly
produces less volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions than regular diesel
fuel or
ethanol, is being
produced by RenTech in Rialto, California.
The motor can be run on E85 Flex
Fuel and
produces slightly better power numbers when using
ethanol.
A better title would have been: «
Fueled: The Effects of Using Food for
Fuel» or something like that, because the central question of the book is to what degree has using crops to produce biomass for fuel production (usually ethanol) affected the costs of food and f
Fuel» or something like that, because the central question of the book is to what degree has using crops to
produce biomass for
fuel production (usually ethanol) affected the costs of food and f
fuel production (usually
ethanol) affected the costs of food and
fuelfuel.
The company they've bought into has a novel approach to
producing ethanol that could use virtually any carbon source and would decouple that
fuel from corn production, potentially making it possible for cities to
produce their own transportation
fuel using their own MSW, eliminating some of the need for landfilling and the associated long - tail methane and CO2 releases from same.
The United States
produced 16.2 billion liters of
fuel ethanol in 2005, nearly surpassing Brazil to become the world's largest
fuel ethanol producer.
Cellulosic
ethanol from grasses, sugarcane and algae probably offer the best opportunities going forward to
produce clean, renewable
fuel without impacting food supply.
Just been looking up the sources for commercial CO2 and here is a short exerpt from google: «The most common operations from which commercially -
produced carbon dioxide is recovered are industrial plants which
produce hydrogen or ammonia from natural gas, coal, or other hydrocarbon feedstock, and large - volume fermentation operations in which plant products are made into
ethanol for human consumption, automotive
fuel or industrial use.
for example, someone from the
ethanol lobby had a letter in the times pointing to some 300 000 000 (million) gallons of
ethanol for road
fuel produced i a recent year.
The EPA allows small oil refineries to apply for hardship exemptions from the RFS
ethanol blending requirements, with «small» meaning capacity 10,000 tons of biomass per day,
producing at least 20,000 barrels of
fuel per day.
For example, a farmer in northern Iowa could plant an acre in corn that yields enough grain to
produce roughly $ 1,000 worth of
fuel - grade
ethanol per year, or he could use that same acre to site a turbine
producing $ 300,000 worth of electricity each year.
The mixed oxide that consists of a blend of two known catalysts, zinc oxide and zirconium oxide, was actually developed to
produce hydrogen
fuel from
ethanol.
In fact, cumulative new
ethanol production since 2005 has accounted for 62 % of new domestically -
produced liquid
fuels, while cumulative new U.S. crude oil production has accounted for 38 %.
Therefore 90 % of the liquid
fuels used to
produce the
ethanol is from fossil
fuels.
In 2011, the world
produced 23 billion gallons of
fuel ethanol and nearly 6 billion gallons of biodiesel.
But the
ethanol boosters are ignoring some unpleasant facts: Ethanol won't significantly reduce our oil imports; adding more ethanol to our gas tanks adds further complexity to our motor - fuel supply chain, which will lead to further price hikes at the pump; and, most important (and most astonishing), it may take more energy to produce a gallon of ethanol than it actually co
ethanol boosters are ignoring some unpleasant facts:
Ethanol won't significantly reduce our oil imports; adding more ethanol to our gas tanks adds further complexity to our motor - fuel supply chain, which will lead to further price hikes at the pump; and, most important (and most astonishing), it may take more energy to produce a gallon of ethanol than it actually co
Ethanol won't significantly reduce our oil imports; adding more
ethanol to our gas tanks adds further complexity to our motor - fuel supply chain, which will lead to further price hikes at the pump; and, most important (and most astonishing), it may take more energy to produce a gallon of ethanol than it actually co
ethanol to our gas tanks adds further complexity to our motor -
fuel supply chain, which will lead to further price hikes at the pump; and, most important (and most astonishing), it may take more energy to
produce a gallon of
ethanol than it actually co
ethanol than it actually contains.
Crops can be used to
produce automotive
fuels, such as
ethanol and biodiesel.
However, we only have about 10 years until the Renewable
Fuel Standard ceases increasing, and we have yet to
produce any cellulosic
ethanol at all.
(
Ethanol contains 2 / 3rds the energy of gasoline, but a barrel of crude also
produces diesel, jet
fuel, and
fuel oil).
It can be a lot more productive to
produce mixed
fuels like Acetone, Butanol and
Ethanol in a process than trying to
produce a single highly pure
fuel.
The Pixley Biogas, LLC anaerobic digester facility
produces biomethane from cow manure to replace the natural gas used to heat Calgren Renewable
Fuels»
ethanol vehicle
fuel.