Sentences with phrase «produce global estimates»

Willis et al. (2004) used satellite altimetric height combined with about 900,000 in situ ocean temperature profiles to produce global estimates of upper - ocean (upper 750 m) heat content on interannual timescales from mid-1993 to 2002 (see Figure 4 - 3).

In the present study, satellite altimetric height and historically available in situ temperature data were combined using the method developed by Willis et al. [2003], to produce global estimates of upper ocean heat content, thermosteric expansion, and temperature variability over the 10.5 - year period from the beginning of 1993 through mid-2003...

Not exact matches

«Even if the Paris Agreement were implemented in full, with total compliance from all nations, it is estimated it would only produce a two - tenths of one degree — think of that, this much — Celsius reduction in global temperature by the year 2100,» he said.

But after crunching some Department of Energy data, Surace estimates that the construction and operation of buildings — heating; cooling; lighting; the manufacture of cement, drywall, and glass — produce 52 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.

The global auto industry is expected to produce 85 million sales in 2014, up from an estimated 82 million this year, IHS Automotive said in a forecast Monday.

Australia produces approximately 3.8 % of the world's medical research outputs (publications) 151 from an estimated 1.1 % of global health research dollars.152

Australia's advanced agricultural sector produces a healthy surplus — estimated to feed around 60 million people annually.9 This export orientation means the sector benefits from, but is also heavily reliant on, the performance of global markets.

Recently issues of global food losses and food waste have been making the news, with estimates of 30 to 40 % of all the food produced on earth going to waste before it can be consumed.

«While all methods of estimating global species richness make assumptions, what is important here is that four largely unrelated methods, including the new body size method, produce similar estimates,» says Professor Stork.

Junguo Liu and colleagues point out that food waste is a global problem with an estimated one - third to one - half of food produced worldwide being lost or wasted from farm to fork.

A report by the US government's Congressional Research Service estimated that in 2010, China had 55 million tonnes of rare - earth element reserves, about half of the world's total, but that it produced about 98 % of the total global supply.

Short for bisphenol A, a synthetic oestrogen, a staggering 3 billion kilograms of the stuff is produced annually, with an estimated value of $ 500,000 per hour to the global economy.

Rates of Tropical Deforestation Several international groups produce routine estimates of tropical deforestation, most notably the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, which has been producing a global forest resources assessment every five to ten years since the late 1940s.

The study builds on an earlier map, produced by paper co-authors Ximing Cai, Xiao Zhang, and Dingbao Wang, which had provided a new global estimate for land availability.

The electric motor produces 270 hp, making it more powerful than the base 2.0 - liter turbo inline - four that pumps out 248 hp on the BMW X3 sold here in the U.S. With a battery capacity of 70 kilowatt - hours, BMW estimates a range of 249 miles on the global WLTP cycle, although it's unclear what this would translate to on the EPA scale.

A 2014 report by Thomson Reuters valued the global halal food and lifestyle sector at US$ 1.8 trillion and this is expected to reach US$ 2.6 trillion by 2020; That figure was supported by research commissioned by the Government of Dubai, and produced by Thomson Reuters in partnership with DinarStandard, which found that halal tourism represents 11.6 % of global tourism expenditure, estimating the sector would be worth US$ 238 billion by 2019.

In the meantime, The Times and International Herald Tribune have produced a hefty special section on global energy trends (some elements have enraged solar enthusiasts), the Obama administration has given BP its first post-spill permit to drill in the Gulf of Mexico and Michael Levi has roundly debunked a gushy jobs estimate from proponents of the Keystone XL oil pipeline.

Specifically, if sulphur emissions as estimated in Stern D. I. (2005) «Global sulfur emissions from 1850 to 2000», Chemosphere 58, 163 - 175 and the database supporting that paper are substituted for those that were used to produce the SRES and / or ABARE projections, what is the effect on the global mean temperature up to now, and the projected increase between now andGlobal sulfur emissions from 1850 to 2000», Chemosphere 58, 163 - 175 and the database supporting that paper are substituted for those that were used to produce the SRES and / or ABARE projections, what is the effect on the global mean temperature up to now, and the projected increase between now andglobal mean temperature up to now, and the projected increase between now and 2030?

As long ago as 2001, the organisation that produced this projection for the IPCC (the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis) published probabilistic estimates that put the 95 % confidence limits for global population in 2100 at 4.3 â $ «14.3 billion.

There are a number of organisations that produce estimates of global temperature from surface measurements.

The reality is that accurate global temperature estimates are some fantasy produced by some fevered wannabe hack scientist.

A new NASA - sponsored study shows that global methane emissions produced by livestock are 11 percent higher than estimates made last decade.

Linwood Pendleton of Duke University, North Carolina has produced a paper, Estimating Global «Blue Carbon» Emissions from Conversion and Degradation of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems, with a large group of fellow - scientists which elucidates this large calculation.

The NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA GISS) is one of the five groups that currently publish global temperature trend estimates from weather station records, i.e., they produce one of the curves we showed you at the start of this essay in Figure 1.

«Currently, scientists estimate the oceans absorb more than 90 percent of the heat trapped by greenhouse gases, and we attribute the global warming to anthropogenic (human - produced) causes.»

But, as I've pointed out a number of times now, those glacier mass balance estimates are produced entirely independently of other factors and global sea level rise observations — they aren't derived from inverse modelling.

The study, published in Nature Climate Change, estimates that global tourism — including transportation, accommodations, activities, food consumption, and all the energy and infrastructure required to accommodate visitors — produced about 4.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2013.

In order to produce an estimate, given the sparse sampling, it is necessary to combine a range of methods and datasets (in - situ, DEM differencing, altimetry, gravimetry) to arrive at a robust global estimate.

Toggweiler for example estimates that the opening of the Drake Passage improve the rate of ocean mixing enough to produce roughly a 4 C magnitude «abrupt» change in «global» surface temperature.

Among the aspects of that variation that we can isolate are probably factors that have produced a general «global» warming trend since the deepest part of the «Little Ice Age», long before any «mainstream» estimate of anthropogenic changes to pCO2 would have been significant.

Each attempt to «improve» your estimate of the global average temperature for a given month, year, etc., will not converge to the correct value but just produce another random number within the random - number generator's effective range, no more and no less meaningful than the previous one.

The Paris Agreement won't make a significant impact on the environment, even with full implementation, producing an estimated difference of «two - tenths of one degree» Celsius reduction in global temperatures by 2100, according to Trump.

For that reason, Victor expresses sympathy for the IPCC's goal of producing average estimates of global warming's effects.

Much hydrogen is itself produced in the atmopshere by the oxidation of methane, with total global emisssions estimated to be about 70 million tonnes each year.

Guest essay by Mike Jonas Introduction There are a number of organisations that produce estimates of global temperature from surface measurements.

Each year, ExxonMobil produces the Outlook for Energy — which provides educated estimates about global energy supply and demand and other economic trends — in order to help guide our internal business and investment decisions.

• Below ocean depths of 700 m the sampling in space and time is too sparse to produce annual global ocean temperature and heat content estimates prior to 2005.

What people generally ignore, is that in the IPCC estimate of global temperature increase produced by Phil Jones of 0.6 °C the error factor was ± 0.2 °C.

Animal agriculture produces 65 % of the world's nitrous oxide (a gas with the global warming potential 296 x greater than carbon dioxide) and it is estimated that by 2050, this industry will see an 80 % increase, as the demand for meat and dairy continues to rise.

The UAH team pioneered the approach in 1979, combining temperature measurements from multiple satellites to produce an estimate for monthly global mean temperatures.

In a study to be published in Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Fearnside estimates that in 1990 the greenhouse effect of emissions from the Curuá - Una dam in Pará, Brazil, was more than three - and - a-half times what would have been produced by generating the same amount of electricity from oil.

Every day, ECMWF uses the latest observations from weather stations, aircraft, satellites and many other sources to produce up - to - date global estimates of surface air temperature.

As with IMBIE 2012, it will collate, compare, integrate, interpret, and report satellite estimates of ice sheet mass balance, with the overall aim of producing a community assessment of Greenland and Antarctica's ongoing contributions to global sea level rise.

Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind 2008 Report (Brussels: 2009), pp. 3, 56; Erik Shuster, Tracking New Coal - Fired Power Plants (Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory, January 2009); «Nuclear Dips in 2008,» World Nuclear News, 29 May 2009; 1 megawatt of installed wind capacity produces enough electricity to supply 300 homes from American Wind Energy Association, «U.S. Wind Energy Installations Reach New Milestone,» press release (Washington, DC: 14 August 2006); number of homes calculated using average U.S. household size from U.S. Census Bureau, «2005 — 2007 American Community Survey 3 - Year Estimates — Data Profile Highlights,» at factfinder.census.gov / servlet / ACSSAFFFacts, viewed 9 April 2009, and population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & Country QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February 2009.

As with the global SC - CO2 estimates, the domestic SC - CO2 increases over time because future emissions are expected to produce larger incremental damages as physical and economic systems become more stressed in response to greater climatic change, and because GDP is growing over time and many damage categories are modeled as proportional to gross GDP.

It needs to be global: conservative estimates of the volumes of data to be produced for CMIP5 are that there will be PB produced in the many modelling centres involved in producing conforming simulations....»

In total, human processes produce more reactive nitrogen than all natural processes combined [12,41,42,43,44,45], altering the global nitrogen cycle so fundamentally that Canfield et al. [41] estimate the closest geological comparison occurred ∼ 2.5 billion years ago.

The Sun was then about 0.25 percent dimmer, and the reduction in solar brightness produced an estimated drop of about 0.5 degrees Celsius (0.9 degrees Fahrenheit) in the global mean temperature.

Plantations now have the potential to produce an estimated 1.2 billion cubic meters of industrial wood each year, about two thirds of current global wood production.

Following these findings, the researchers recommend shorter productivity measurements to help minimize the effect of respiratory and dissolved organic carbon loss and hopefully produce more precise estimates of the ocean's global carbon productivity over smaller increments of time.