EOS, a company based in Germany, prints metal items to
produce knee and hip replacements.
Not exact matches
Since you have to extend your
knees and hips in order to stand up from the bottom of a squat, your quads, glutes, hams
and adductors magni have to contract hard enough to
produce the required
knee and hip extension torque.
This means that the
hip extensor
and knee extensor muscles are
producing force when they are at more moderate (
and not short) muscle lengths.
This suggests that the ability of the
hip flexors
and extensors to
produce force,
and the ability of the
knee extensors
and flexors to absorb it, during the swing phase is the key to faster running.
One study by Lovell et al. (2012) reported that the supine isometric
hip adduction in 45 degrees of
hip and knee flexion was the best position for
producing maximal activity in the gracilis.
They noted that squat jumps
produced greater
hip extension moment than back squats with a moderate load (272 vs. 149Nm)
and that the ratio between
hip extension moments in these two exercises was smaller than the ratio between
knee extension moments (1.8 vs. 2.3 times).
One study by Lovell et al. (2012) explored a number of common rehabilitation tests for the adductors
and found that the supine isometric
hip adduction in 0 or 45 degrees of
hip and knee flexion were the best positions for
producing maximal EMG amplitude in the adductor magnus.
Furthermore, strong glutes will shift movement patterns to absorb
and produce more force at the
hips and less at the
knee joint.
Therefore, athletes sprint faster by
producing more force (concentrically) by the
hip extensors (gluteus maximus, adductor magnus,
and hamstrings)
and hip flexors,
and then absorbing it (eccentrically) by the
knee flexors (hamstrings)
and extensors (quadriceps).
It is expected that performing deadlifts with the same absolute load would
produce greatest EMG amplitude in the gluteus maximus when deadlifts are pulled from the lower starting points because external
hip extension moment arm lengths
and hip extension moments are greatest at lift - off in comparison with
knee - passing
and lock - out (Escamilla et al. 2000; Escamilla et al. 2002).
So exercises that involve less
knee extension (
hip thrusts, deadlifts, pull throughs
and back extensions) will tend to
produce much greater
hip muscle activation than those that involve more
knee extension (squats, lunges,
and leg presses), although there are other factors involved of course!