It is an energy transformation that would
produce liquid fuels at a lower energy cost than, for example, the Navy's new fuel - from - seawater technology.
Not exact matches
Powering the Hero HX250R is a 249cc, single - cylinder, 4 - valve,
liquid - cooled and
fuel - injected engine that
produces a peak power of 31 BHP
at 9000 RPM with 26 Nm of peak torque, mated to a 6 - speed manual transmission.
They spoke
at length about Shell's existing push to
produce liquid fuels from gas, most notably
at the huge new gas - to -
liquids plant in Qatar:
The term coal - to -
liquid fuel means any transportation - grade
liquid fuel derived primarily from coal (including peat) and
produced at a qualified coal - to -
liquid facility.
The term qualified coal - to -
liquid facility means a manufacturing facility that has the capacity to
produce at least 10,000 barrels per day of transportation grade
liquid fuels from a feedstock that is primarily domestic coal (including peat and any property which allows for the capture, transportation, or sequestration of by - products resulting from such process, including carbon emissions).
Now, scientists
at Harvard have developed the «bionic leaf 2.0,» which increases the efficiency of the system well beyond nature's own capabilities, and used it to
produce liquid fuels for the first time.
Biochar can be
produced by pyrolysis
at around 500 degrees C, either slowly (over days, the traditional approach e.g. in kilns), which results in about equal amounts of biochar (about 35 % of the original biomass),
liquid and gaseous
fuels; or rapidly (e.g. flash pyrolysis, in seconds), which gives less biochar (about 15 % converted) less gaseous products, but more
liquid «bio-oil» products (about 75 %).
Adding insult to injury electricity, even were it free to
produce at centralized generation facilities, can not practically replace
liquid hydrocarbon
fuels for lack of distribution capacity to local consumption and lack of storage capacity for transportation.
The Texas panhandle for instance is ideal and just a tenth of it can
produce all the
liquid fuel the United States currently consumes
at yield / acre currently achieved in pilot plants.
The use of nuclear energy to
produce liquid fuels is very economic
at this point of time, and whilst the production of hydrogen from nuclear electricity is expensive the cost can be reduced by using high temperature steam from nuclear reactors for high temperature electrolysis.
They too have the diurnal problem under control — and they talk about the very high temperatures and pressures they obtain being used in other process to
produce liquid fuels, which solve all the intermittency and transport problems (
at a cost).
Martinez points as another issue the fact that as a way to mantain their power,
liquid fuels producing companies - also distributors - will try to control the coming scenarios, favoring
fuels produced at big scale instead of those that can be generated and consumed locally.
At best CTL
produces 2.3 barrels of
liquid fuel per ton of coal (there is about 4 boe in a ton of typical bituminous coal).