Rather than controlling the drug itself, Britain and the U.S. regulated access to the machinery essential to the deep fermentation technique needed to mass -
produce penicillin.
Not exact matches
Alexander Fleming rediscovered
penicillin in 1928, but it was not until 1942 that Chain, Florey, and Jennings identified patulin, the antibiotic
produced by P. glaucum [6].
It was the first bacterium in which
penicillin resistance was found — in 1947, just four years after the drug started being mass -
produced.
He determined that a compound
produced by the mold, which he called
penicillin, could kill pathogenic bacteria but not white blood cells or human tissue.
However, agents like
penicillin are only
produced when necessary, not permanently.
It wasn't until 1944 that
penicillin could be
produced in large enough quantities to make a difference, but what a difference it made: for the first time it became possible to cure deadly bacterial diseases that had plagued humans throughout history.
Strangely, the Jubilee line had the fewest Penicillium cells from which
penicillin is
produced — though it is one of the most common fungal species in the outside air.
Closer examination of the mold showed that it was
producing a chemical —
penicillin — that killed the bacteria.
Additionally, they
produced extended spectrum β - lactamases, enzymes that rendered them resistant to
penicillin family antibiotics.
Since the development of
penicillin and sulfa drugs, the first commercially
produced antibiotics, we have sought to improve upon our ability to combat bacteria.
Residents of China have some of the highest drug resistance rates in the world, with 42 to 83 percent of healthy people carrying in their bowels «bacteria that
produce extended - spectrum beta - lactamases, which create reservoirs of potential pathogens that can destroy
penicillin and most of its variants.»