Meanwhile, the never - ending Middle East conflicts support high crude prices, which makes it feasible to
produce shale oil in the US.
But Alberta heavy oil is sometimes fetching as little as half the world price due to the competition from U.S. -
produced shale oil and a shortage of pipelines to get the crude to the coasts and other refining markets.
Not exact matches
There have been a number of high - profile derailments of trains — including one by UP — carrying
shale oil, much of which is
produced in new drilling areas without established pipeline networks and must be moved by rail.
The U.S. can
produce as much
shale oil as it wants, but its Gulf Coast refineries are geared toward heavier kinds of crude that can easily process
oil sand bitumen but aren't geared toward the lighter crude coming out of, say North Dakota's Bakken play.
Only the U.S. and Canada were
producing oil and natural gas from
shale in commercial quantities, the department said.
What's more, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) just reported that, thanks to the revitalized
shale revolution, the U.S.
produced over 10 million barrels of
oil per day in November, the first time it's done so since 1970.
The cash - and - stock deal marries operations that are broadly complementary in terms of geography as well as giving Marathon extra capacity in the U.S. light crude
produced by a booming
shale oil sector.
Among commodities,
oil prices moved higher as fears about rising US
shale production abated somewhat, and market participants began giving more weight to the effectiveness of supply cuts by members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and several other large
oil -
producing countries.
A drilling technique known as hydraulic fracturing in
shale rock formations — fracking — in the U.S.
produced large amounts of crude
oil, natural gas and other petroleum products.
Less than a year ago major
shale firms were saying they needed
oil above $ 60 a barrel to
produce more; now some say they will settle for far less in deciding whether to crank up output after the worst
oil price crash in a generation.
While it's perfectly true that there isn't enough U.S.
shale to flood the world with
oil, a lot of what there is is historically cheap to
produce so as to give crude from the Middle East a real run for its money; and a solid proportion of that production has been sold forward at attractive levels in the futures market ensuring financial stability for U.S. producers.
Gas is easier to
produce than
oil from
shale and other «tight» rocks, and by 2040 the EIA expects US production to be 56 per cent higher than in 2012.
Specifically,
oil coming from the U.S.
oil shales have doubled and now represent almost 5 million barrels per day of the 9 million barrels per day of
oil the U.S.
produces.
Many recent articles discussing
shale oil production focus on short - term logistics and financing issues and not the major question of how much
oil is left to
produce.
The final issue is just how much
oil is left in the Permian and other
shale oil basins that can be
produced at wherever
oil prices go.
shale oil may be a bubble but countries like Libya Iraq Iran
produce nothing compared to their potential / production capacity + there is always offshore exploration recently Morocco seems to be in the spot light not to mention the arctic sea / north pole especially Russia where a new Koweit is to be found and also south China sea Venezuela's tight
oil if all the types of
oil are included venezuela must be a heaven with a quarter of global
oil reserves with +300 billion barrels more than 260 bbls of Saudi Arabia that can still
produce more than 10/11 million barrel / day that it's procucing today.
Ene, who spoke against the backdrop of
oil crashing to 13 - year lows of below $ 28 / barrel last week, noted that the bearish run may soon fizzle out, whether
shale or conventional
oil is being
produced at above $ 25 / barrel.
To conduct the new study, the researchers collected and analyzed 44 samples of waters
produced from conventional
oil and gas wells in New York and Pennsylvania and 31 samples of flowback waters from hydraulically fractured
shale gas wells in Pennsylvania and Arkansas.
Whether such a quantity can be
produced from tar sands and
oil shale at a price near (never mind below) $ 30 per barrel is highly uncertain, but more suggestive of Lomborgs confusion in any case is that the price he mentions is higher (according to his own Figure 65) than the price of
oil has been for any prolonged period in the last 120 years except for 1979 - 86, in the aftermath of the second (1979) Arab - OPEC
oil - price shock.3 This means resources of tar sands and
oil shale that would be economically exploitable only at prices around $ 30 per barrel are in fact more expensive than
oil has been for nearly all of the last century.
He studied two well - preserved sequences of black
shale, a type of rock that often contains organic matter and can
produce oil under the right conditions.
Schwietzke said it's also important to account for the emissions from all the fossil fuels that are
produced in a given
shale gas field because many wells
produce oil, natural gas and other hydrocarbons.
The Department also points out that, due to the higher energy requirements of extracting the
oil,
shale oil produces less energy than conventional
oil, coal or wood.
The
oil sands are still a tiny part of the world's carbon problem — they account for less than a tenth of one percent of global CO2 emissions — but to many environmentalists they are the thin end of the wedge, the first step along a path that could lead to other, even dirtier sources of
oil:
producing it from
oil shale or coal.
According to the Interior Department
shale oil costs between about $ 38 - 65 per barrel to
produce, whereas onshore conventional
oil costs about $ 19.50 per barrel.
For example, the only large
oil producing «
shale» formation which seems to be very competitive is the Permian Wolfcamp and nearby zones.
«The goal of Sapphire is to
produce a crude product that can be introduced into the existing crude stream for production costs that are similar to other new opportunities like
oil shales,
oil sands, and even deep, deep water drilling,» Jason Pyle, Sapphire's chief executive said in an interview.
By December 2013, a projected 3.84 million barrels of
oil per day were being
produced by the four main
oil -
producing shale basins (minus Haynesville and the Marcellus with low
oil production).
Estimates of the amount of
oil they contain vary hugely, but Navigant, a consultancy, reckons that North America could
produce anything from 26.9 - 53.5 trillion cubic metres of
shale gas alone, enough to satisfy the world's total current demand for gas for up to 15 years, though at today's prices not all of it would yet be worth extracting.
Relative to conventional sources,
shale oil typically
produces more pollution to extract, though the extent depends on whether or not the operators avoid wasteful and unnecessary emissions.
He also notes that in 2000,
shale produced only 2 percent of our domestic
oil and natural gas supply.
Company documents discovered during an eight - month investigation by InsideClimate News show that Exxon Research & Engineering estimated that
producing and burning
oil shales would release 1.4 to 3 times more carbon dioxide than conventional
oil, and would accelerate the doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by about five years.
I've seen flaring even in South Texas (a place with one of the most dense networks of natural gas pipelines anywhere in the world) the last two years with development of the Eagle Ford
shale as the developers
produce oil and gas in locations that are new, and thus without pipelines (but in Texas they build them relatively quickly!).
... We will unlock job -
producing natural gas,
oil and
shale energy.»
But for potential foreign purchasers of that
oil, the key question is how much extra it will cost to extract the dirty compounds in Alberta bitumen so that its quality matches export
oil being
produced at high - grade, low - cost US
shale formations like the Bakken, Permian, and Eagle Ford.
``...... * FIFTH, I will lift the restrictions on the production of $ 50 trillion dollars» worth of job -
producing American energy reserves, including
shale,
oil, natural gas and clean coal.
Enerfit hopes to eventually
produce up to 38,000 barrels of
shale oil per day.
Presumably the lower royalty rate would be place to make
oil shale production more financial attractive and more of the unconventional source of fuel could be
produced.
In terms of additional greenhouse gas emissions,
producing fuel from
oil shale produces eight times the emissions of making fuel from conventional sources of petroleum.
Since a ton of bituminous coal has 4 boe of energy in it, 100 billion tons of Montana coal would
produce 400 billion barrels of
shale oil.
At best,
oil shale could begin
producing oil in noticeable amounts by 2030; at worst, it could remain undeveloped forever because of its low net energy production.
Certain alternative energy «sources» may actually have EROEI ratios of less than one, such as many methods of industrially
producing biodiesel and ethanol, or extracting
oil from
shale.
Take ConocoPhillips, which highlights its «emerging technologies and alternative energy sources» activities on its website — but fails to mention that in April 2012 it divested all of these activities to focus exclusively on its «core business» of exploring for and
producing oil and natural gas, and specifically to take advantage of the North American «
shale revolution» and tar sands production in Canada.
One problem is that
producing oil from
shale or
oil sands generates significant amounts of carbon dioxide — but a lot of that carbon dioxide comes from
producing the hydrogen needed to process the raw materials.
We need our government to level with the public that alternatives to conventional petroleum, including unconventional resources such as
oil sands and
oil shale (if it can ever
produced economically in the US), all cost more.
In what Treehugger writer John Laumer calls the Climate Trifecta,» Bullion Monarch Mining Co., is proposing to
produce oil from
oil shale using coal gasification, which they label as a «clean coal» technology.
If OPEC is unable to continue their tactics and with US
shale producing 7 million barrels a day, thus flooding with oversupply,
oil could plunge to $ 30 a barrel.