More provocatively, insect studies have shown that having non-matching microbiomes can prevent individuals of the same species
from producing viable offspring, thus influencing the evolution of their host insect species.
In a separate study conducted by Zhang Zhaobin of the College of Urban and Environmental Sciences at Peking University, exposure to TPT reduced the ability of the Japanese Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to
produce viable offspring by as much as 75 % in a controlled facility.
Although they can
produce viable offspring in some lizards and fish, in mammals they typically result in embryos that survive for only a few days or weeks.
«If one defines that two species separate as when they can
not produce viable offspring, then perhaps brown bears and polar bears aren't yet separate species,» Miller admits.
A working definition of a species is that members of the same species can
produce viable offspring when they mate — something members of different species can not do unless the species are very closely related.
The approach, called «synthetic incompatibility,» effectively makes engineered organisms a separate species unable to
produce viable offspring with their wild or domesticated relatives.
Then, however, genetic analysis reveals that members of these two species interbred and
produced viable offspring that populated Europe and spread eastward as far as China and Papua New Guinea.
After isolation, if members of the split populations encounter one another and can not
produce viable offspring that can themselves later successfully interbreed and produce viable offspring (hybrids such as mules are infertile), then these two populations constitute two different species.
The bald eagle was nearly extinct in the continental U.S. by the late 20th century, but the population has since stabilized, primarily due to habitat protection and a ban on DDT, an insecticide that weakened the birds» eggs so much that the eagles could not
produce viable offspring.
Wild snakes have been seen gestating parthenogenetic young, but it's unknown if they would ever have
produced viable offspring.
But to really prove that they are oocytes, Surani says, the team needs to show that the cells can be fertilized and
produce viable offspring.
Earlier research has shown that both characteristics make a male less likely to
produce viable offspring.
Crossovers are necessary to
produce viable offspring, but crossing over also has risks.
It has to do with finding the best genetically compatible partner to
produce viable offspring.
These adult fleas are unable to
produce viable offspring.
It was the major division used by Carl Linnaeus (1707 — 1778) in his classification system and identifies plants or animals that can
produce viable offspring.
For example, we know a horse and a donkey can produce a mule but the mule can not
produce viable offspring.