Sentences with phrase «produced by electrons»

The observed Sgr A * emission is polarized and this means that it is produced by electrons gyrating around magnetic field lines in so called synchrotron process.

It's the result of a particular magnetic property of materials — the magnetic moment, a tiny magnetic field produced by electrons orbiting the nucleus of an atom.

At these «beamlines» scientists harvest X-rays produced by the electrons as they pass through carefully controlled magnetic fields (see «Europe's shining new light», New Scientist, 14 March 1992).

Those electron bunches are actually initiated by rapid - fire laser pulses produced by an electron «gun.»

Not exact matches

By this he means an energy project that could produce electrons for the grid in mass quantity, as opposed to something clever that barely generates more energy than you put in to build it.

It is by virtue of their physical properties that electrons and other particles combine in different ways to produce atoms, and so it is with atoms that find themselves in juxtaposition and then combine to produce molecules.

Other effects, such as light scattering from cosmic dust and the synchrotron radiation generated by electrons moving around galactic magnetic fields within our own galaxy, can also produce these polarisation twists.

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

With the images produced by ECT, the team was the first to see how electron transport proteins were distributed in the membrane to form the nanowires.

These high - energy collisions should produce electrons and positrons, which may be the source of the positron abundance turned up by PAMELA.

The electron beam then scans over the liquid film following a desired pattern, producing suitable energy electrons which solvate and reduce the cations, writing structures in precise formation from the precursor delivered by the electrified jet.

The team concludes that these signals are generated by speeding electrons produced when cosmic rays collide with molecules in the air (Physical Review Letters, DOI: 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.105.151101).

The BPEC cell developed by the researchers is based on the naturally occurring process of photosynthesis in plants, in which light drives electrons that produce storable chemical energetic molecules, that are the fuels of all cells in the animal and plant worlds.

A silicon crystal is doped by adding trace amounts of some other element that has either more free electrons than silicon's four (producing an electron surplus and making the result negative, or n - type) or fewer free electrons (producing a net electron deficit, and hence a positive, or p - type).

Through a combination of high - resolution cryo - electron microscopy (cryo - EM) and a unique methodology for image analysis, a team of researchers with Berkeley Lab and the University of California (UC) Berkeley has produced an atomic view of microtubules that enabled them to identify the crucial role played by a family of end - binding (EB) proteins in regulating microtubule dynamic instability.

In what Grashorn calls a «serendipitous discovery», his team has worked out that these signals are generated by speeding electrons produced when cosmic rays collide with molecules in the air.

According to a statement by CERN, for every billion B - sub-smesons produced, only three or so are expected to decay into two muons, heavier cousins of the electron.

Li's team showed that during CRAND, cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere collide with neutral atoms, creating a splash that produces charged particles, including electrons, that become trapped by Earth's magnetic field.

These include atomic constituents such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are actually composite particles, made up of quarks), particles produced by radiative and scattering processes, such as photons, neutrinos, and muons, as well as a wide range of exotic particles.

The researchers detected excited electrons (and the holes they left behind) produced by adsorption of chemicals onto the diode's surface.

Now, a team led by physicist Yimei Zhu at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory has produced definitive evidence that the movement of electrons has a direct effect on atomic arrangements, driving deformations in a material's 3D crystalline lattice in ways that can drastically alter the flow of current.

The electrons that GRaND detected could have been produced by the solar wind hitting the water molecules that Herschel observed, but scientists are also looking into alternative explanations.

One of the most ubiquitous is the «octet rule,» which states that each atom in a molecule that is produced by a chemical reaction will have eight outer orbiting electrons.

Every day, about 500 of these terrestrial gamma - ray flashes (TGFs) are produced worldwide by accelerated electrons interacting with air molecules.

Dark lightning is a burst of gamma rays produced during thunderstorms by extremely fast moving electrons colliding with air molecules.

But by the end of the experiment — when performance was at its peak — one species, Brevibacillus agri, made up the majority of the electron - producing microbes.

When they then bombarded this «cloud» with low - energy electrons like those produced by cosmic rays, chlorine was produced.

To get electricity from it, the liquids are pumped into a chamber separated by a membrane, sparking an electron - producing chemical reaction across the membrane.

In the process, positive electrons (positrons) and neutrinos (n) are also produced along with about 25 million electronvolts (MeV) of thermal energy for every four protons burned; one electronvolt is the energy an electron acquires by passing through a potential of one volt.

In a traditional X-ray machine, a filament emits electrons when it is heated above a certain threshold, and those electrons fly through the body and hit a metal electrode on the other side, creating images; CT scans produce three - dimensional images by rotating the electron source.

The current world record is held by the Electron Microscopy Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, where STEM images have been produced with a resolution in the range of 0.6 angstrom — less than one - millionth the width of a human hair.

As it turned out, with the help of a new dark force, interacting particles could trade in some of their kinetic energy to produce a positron — electron pair, a proposal put forth by Finkbeiner and study co-author Neal Weiner, an N.Y.U. physicist, last year.

When both members of the pair became excited, one of them would normally fall to the lower rung before being struck by an incoming photon, producing no photon along the way and leaving too few excited electrons to make laser light.

While the chemical reaction that the bacteria perform on uranium is a common process known as «reduction,» or the act of accepting electrons, Kerkhof said it's still a mystery how the reduced uranium produced by this microorganism ultimately behaves in the subsurface environment.

A microbial fuel cell — which generates power by feeding organic matter (which saliva has lots of) to bacteria, which, in turn, produce electrons — was a natural candidate for their projects.

But Daya Bay's nuclear reactors produce billions of trillions of electron antineutrinos every second, emitted by neutrons during a process called «beta decay,» and scientists have finally been able to measure their metamorphosis as they pass through a series of detectors positioned outside the reactors.

To nail down the last angle, researchers studied electron antineutrinos produced by the six 2.9 - gigawatt reactors at the site.

Like polarized light (which vibrates in one direction and is produced by the scattering of visible light off the surface of the ocean, for example), the polarized «B - mode» microwaves the scientists discovered were produced when CMB radiation from the early universe scattered off electrons 380,000 years after the Big Bang, when the cosmos cooled enough to allow protons and electrons to combine into atoms.

A buckyball (top) can be ionized either by removing an electron (bottom left) or with the new superacid (bottom middle), producing a protonated buckyball (bottom right).

Due to a quirk of the strong force, an accelerator can produce new particle pairs from the proton by imparting extra energy to the particles, with a beam of electrons.

Electron ejection from multiple N2 orbitals, controlled by the molecule's orientation relative to a laser, produces attosecond light spectra that can reveal molecular dynamics.

These X-rays are produced by the high - energy electrons that race around the institute's emblematic «storage ring», an accelerator of impressive proportions, with a circumference of 844 metres.

When the NSLS - II is running, electrons traveling at nearly the speed of light and forced by magnets around a circular storage ring will produce energy in the form of light known as synchrotron radiation.

Images produced by the Planck satellite have revealed an enormous cloud of electrons traveling near the speed of light in the heart of our Galaxy, the Milky Way.

The white dots making up squares arrayed 45 - degrees to the x / y - axis are selenium (Se) atoms, while the defects — missing Fe atoms in the Fe plane, about a quarter of a nanometer below the Se surface — show up as butterfly - shaped perturbations produced by quantum interference of electrons scattering from the defects.

Researchers produce such heating by aiming microwaves at the electrons gyrating around magnetic field lines — a process that increases the thermal energy of the electrons, transfers it to the ions through collisions, and supplements the heating of the ions by neutral beam injection.

In the storage ring, the electrons are deflected from their trajectory by strong magnetic fields to produce the extremely bright photons know as synchrotron light.

Not by finding the elusive particle itself, but by figuring out how to produce a material in which electrons behave in accordance with the theoretical predictions for Majorana particles.

Scientists have long suspected that these elementary particles, which are produced by the decay of radioactive elements, have a unique trait — they can change, or «oscillate,» between their three known types, or «flavors» — the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino and the tau neutrino.

These particles, which are produced by the decay of radioactive elements, have a unique trait — they can change, or «oscillate,» between their three known types, or «flavors» — the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino and the tau neutrino.