Flor M. Munoz, M.D., of the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, and colleagues randomly assigned 48 women to receive the Tdap vaccine (n = 33) or placebo (n = 15) at 30 to 32 weeks» gestation to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity (ability to
produce an
immune response) of the vaccine administered
during pregnancy.
Estriol has been found to have beneficial
immune - modulating effects in patients with multiple sclerosis, increasing protective
immune responses and decreasing the number and volume of lesions seen in cerebral MRIs.22 Estriol is the primary estrogen
produced during pregnancy, when it is made by placenta from 16α - OH DHEA sulfate (DHEA - S), an androgen made in the fetal liver and in the adrenal glands.23